Gill's dictionary of the Chinook jargon, with examples of use in conversation and notes upon tribes and tongues

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♦■* '. ■■■■ ■.

o

GiU's

DICTIONARY

of the

Chinook Jargon

With Examples of

USE IN CONVERSATION

And Notes Upon

TRIBES and TONGUES

FIFTEENTH EDITION
CompUed by JOHN GILL

' J '

t>

» » ' • • J ^» »

Portland, Oregon
Published by The J. K. Gill Company

1909

* V.

> • •

I

430562

Copyright 1909
By The J. K. Gill Company
All RiffhU Reserved

5

y

^

/

y ■■■

PREFACE

The first attempt at publication of a vocabulary of the
trappers' and traders' Indian Jargon in use among the coast
and interior tribes of the Northwest, was made by John
Jewett, a sailor who was captured from the English ship
Boston, which was surprised by the Indians at Noodca Sound,
her captain and crew murdered — the sailor who issued his
adventures under the title "The Captive in Nootka," being
the only survivor.

Jewett had no means of writing while among the Indians,
and the hundred words he records were written from mem-
ory, presumably, some years after his escape, which occurred
in z8o6, the book referred to being printed in Middletown,
Conn., 18x5.

The British explorers Cook, Meares and Vancouver record
a few words spoken by savages encountered during llieir
voyages in the waters of the Oregcm coast. These words
were either Chinook or Nootka.

These early records prove that the same words, or derive
atives now incorporated in the Chinook Jargon, retain tiieir
old significance.

Several little books, mostly for traders' use, have been
printed in this Jargon. Some were intended for the special
use of missions and mis«onaries; some as interesting addi-
tions to philology. Among the men who have written the
Tocabularies and best treatises on the Jargon may be named:
Dr. Franz Boas, Alexander Ross, Rev. Samuel Parker, Doc-
tor Tolmie, Dawson, Rev. J. H. Frost, George Gibbe, Tate,
Good, Winthrop, Swan, Hale and Rev. Dr. Bella. The latter
translated into Chinook a number of hymns, which were
published in Portland, 1889, and are still extant A comr
plete Bibliography of the Chinook was prepared by Mr. James
C. IHlling (1889) and published by the Bureau of Ethnology,
SmiUiSQiSan Ini^tution.

Our firm purchased the copyright of the Chinodc Dic-
tionary from S. J. McCormick, who published several edi-
tions in Portland previous to z88o. Mccormick's first edition
appeared in 2852. Shortly after our purchase a new edition
was necessary, and we then attempted to reduce the con-
fficting and various spelling of many words to a phonetic and
simple form; also in that edition first indicating the sound of

4 CHINOOK DICnONA

the vowels and accent of syllables. At t
W. C Chattin, who for twenty years ha«
among dififerent tribes of the Northwest,
tage of his experience in the use of Chii
>dian8. By his authority also a consideral
in use among our inland tribes was adde
This first edition bearing our imprint wai
and printed by George H. Himes.

Of the ancient language of the Chinoo
dred words are given in the present dictic
being words from other coast languages
Klickitat, Wasco and other ultramontane

It it a remarkable fact that the Indii
so small a territory, and compelled to
war and carry on such intercourse as
required, spoke Umguages as dififerent as
is from English. These languages wer*
Otis as the tribes themselves. In the stri
the mouth of the Willamette to the ocet
languages were spcdcen, the Calapooia
Multnomah and other tribes using amo
their own tribal language; but in voyages
in hunting parties in tibe mountains, the
happened to meet the Oatsop— one fron
Columbia and the other from Central Oi
perfectly understood in this sccommoda
was in use from the Cascade Mountain
a trading language, and widely along the

As an example of the amazing difif'
among neighboring tribes, note the ex;
words from the Chehalis who lived on SI
lapa) Bay, and the Chinook who occt
shore from Cape Disappointment to G
Tongue Point. The Qiehalis words ai
Rev. J. H. Frost, who, with Rev. Daniel
M. E. Clatsop mission near Morrison sta

Chin00k English <

Nika I

Yahka He

Mesika Ye

Yokso Hair

Opitsah Knife

Etshum Heart

OqukuckuU Woman

Seahwust Eye

Etispolettie Arm

Kuitan Horse

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 6

It is almost inconceivable that the numerals of these
neighboring tribes had no relation whatever to each other*
<liffering more widely than French from Siamese.

Although we are apt to think the Indians possessed a very
xneagre vocabulary, we are much mistaken. Swan sasrs the
Chehalis had a name for every plant and tree and flower,
and' that the children knew all by name.

With the ccmiing of the white man, making known to the
Indian the weapons, the luxuries and the vices of civiliza-
tion, came the need of extending the Chinook to cover new
conditions. He could not say "carbine** or "fire" so the
words became "calipeen" and "piah." The Canadians called
tlie hand "le main" and the Indian came at last to tise
nearly the same sound. Thus English and French words
were grafted upon the Chinook Jargon.

Philologists argue interestingly over the Jargon. One
side maintains there was no such inter-tribal medium of
communication before the establishment of Astoria; the other
finds reason to contend that, in a rudimentary form at
least, it was in use as stated above. Some proofs of this are
(evident in the Jargon itself; some in the records of those
Srst describing its use; and Indians who were "skookum
^en" when Lewis and Clark came to Clatsop have left testi-
naony to the same efifect

t1 The present (fifteenth) edition has been carefully revised,
t^ few words printed in earlier editions have been omitted
i^ecause they were either obsolete or of doubtful authenticity.

The source of all words so far as known is indicated. Many
g^ords of approved usage in the days of the early traders are
oJiere reprinted, and some words of peculiar interest from
l^e language of the Chinooks, never a part of the Jargon,
jj^re printed for the sake of preserving them and ofifering
l^^amples of the original tongue. Some additions have also
Q^en made to the conversational examples.

h( The bone and sinew of the Jargon is Chinook, and it is
lurprising that Nootka words are so few, though they are
mportant; for the fur trade was centered at Nootka Sound
for many years before the Columbia was discovered, and a
nedium of communication must have existed between traders
uid Indians.

Jewett, the sailor mentioned in the Preface, who wrote
a vocabulary of nearly a hundred words, speaks of many
tribes visiting and trading with the Nootka Indians, and
among these visiting traders were "Keltsup" people, whom
I believe to have been Clatsops. Jewett says they came

6 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

from 300 miles south, which would include the Columhis
tribes. Another tribe spoken of by Jewett resembles in
name the Claxtars, who lived along the Clatslanie and
southward. The words common to Nootka and the Jargon
▼ery possibly are originally from the speech of tribes living
at the mouth of the Columbia.

Jewett was rescued by Capt Samuel Hill, of the brig
"Lydia," of Boston, July 20, 1806. The <*Lydia" sailed on
a trading voyage along the coast north of Nootka for several
months, and in November, 1806, entered the Columbia. About
ten miles up the river — ^probably at Knappton, near the sit^
of the Point Ellice village of the Chinooks — ^the vessel
traded for furs. Jewett saw medals among these Indians
which had been given by Lewis and Clark in the Spring o|
x8o6.

dflNOOKS, CLATSOPS and COAST TRIBES
TRAITS, COUNTRY, HABITS, ETC.

The Indians of the Columbia west of Celilo are described
as Ulster in color than those of the Missouri and Upp^i^
OdumUa; also a little under size of the plains people. They
were not as active nor so robust as the eastern tribes, nor
so able to endure hard labor and exposure. The men were
wen made, broad and heayy shouldered from the constant
use of the paddle. Women rather inclined to corpulence,
and both sexes bow-legged from sitting in canoes. They were
rather peaceably diqxMied, and fairly honest in their dealings
with each other, but over-tempted by the strange treasures
of the white men, inclined to steal from them.

The heads of nearly all the Indians west of the Rocky
Mountains were flattened in infancy, shaping their skulls
into a ridge from ear to ear. The dress of the men was
a single robe of skins, not covering more than half the
body from neck to knee. Most of the robes thus worn by
meuj and sometimes by women, were made from the skins
of the big ground souirrel, still over-abundant Finer skins
were also worn, the beaver and the priceless sea otter among
them. Neither men nor women wore leggins nor moccasins.
The women wore skirts of long fringe twisted or braided
from the inner bark of the cedar, a beautiful, silky, strong
fibre, and sometimes a cape of the same, fastened about their
necks, and sometimes a cape or robe of skins. Both sexes
wore in rainy weather hats, or caps woven of grass and fine
root-threads. Sometimes the women wore skirts like those
spoken of above, but made from a fine, silky, tough grass.

Their houses were made from planks, which they split with
wedges and axes of stone, horn and hard wood. The houses
usually contained several families, being separated by parti-
tions of woven mats of rushes, which were also hung along
the walls and spread on the bank of earth which was left
along the sides of the house and upon which they sat and
slept. The central part of the house was lower than the
sides, and in this the fire was made, cooking and other
indoor work performed. A hole in the roof let out some
of the smoke, but they usually had fish hanging from poles
overiiead, so that they made their smoky houses serve in
curing their food. They sometimes built beds of saplings,
in bunk fashion, along the sides of their houses. The women
made great numbers of mats of rushes and grass, which were
brought out when "company** came, and spread for guests
to sit or sleep upon. Camas bread, brick-like cakes oi v^e.s%^\
and dried 8a}aJ berries, dried huckleberries, iettv aivd ^la.^-

8 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

roots, and above all wappatos, were stored in their hooseib
and jerked venison in strips, and dried and smoked salman
were hung from rafters. Smelt and herring, too, were dried
or smoked for Winter food, and an important item of the
coast tribes' diet was whale and seal oil, stored in bladdenfc
and nearly all kinds of dried berries and roots were eatfl>
swimming in this "train oil." They made wide shelves akios
their house walls from floor to roof, on which were stores
the furs, mats, camas bread, baskets and household stidi
generally. Many of their hotises were surprisingly larger
and all remarkable when we reflect that as said above thcf
were constructed with the rudest paleolithic tools, and not
a fragment of metal employed in their construction.

The Chinooks are probably extinct. In 189 1 Doctor Botf
found only two people, Charles Cultee and Catherine, wht
could speaJc Chinook (the original language), living then il
Bay Center, on Shoalwater iBay, among Chehalis Indianii
From Cultee Dr. Boas learned and wrote a number of tlM
original tribal tales or myths of the Indians of the Colua-
bia.

The Clatsops were Chinooks, and once numerous froa
Tillamook Head (which separated them from the **KiU^
mux") to the Columbia. These dwindled to a handful manf
years ago. The last little Qatsop village was near ths
mouth of the Nekanakum (the "Spirit River," named fron
the mountain N'akarna^ which was the resting place of tht
spirit of fire in the Tillamook myth). A half dozen litds
weatherbeaten houses still remain on the peninsula betweo
the Wahana and Nekanakum, and in Summer a few Indiatf
and mixed-blood descendants of the (Clatsops, sometinul
spend a few weeks there. This spot appears to be the veiy
place where Captain Qark was entertained by Kuskelar.

The Chinooks of the north shore of the Columbia froai
Cape Disappointment to Gray's Bay, had their principal
village in the dasrs of the Astor enterprise, on the west side
of Scarboro Hill, near where the modern village of Chinook
now is. Thev had also an "upper village" at Point Ellice
and another farther up the Chinook River. A small tribe
of Chinooks, long separated from those of the lower river,
occupied the norm shore of the Columbia from a point oppo-
site The Dalles to the mouth of Klickitat River. Their lan-
guage bore evidences of a considerable change from the
parent tongue.

According to one author the Chinooks were very numer*
ous and powerful at one time, occupsring both shores of the
Columbia from its mouth as far up as Vancouver. The
Multnomahs were of the Chinook family. The Tillamooks
reported that eighteen tribes lived beyond them to the south-
east, all speaking the Tillamook tongue. Farther away in the
same direction, they said were six tribes of a different nur
tion.

\

4

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 9

ICULTNOMAS AND THEIR NEIGHBORS, THEIR COUNTRY,

HABITS^ XTC.

Lewis and Clark speak of tribes along the river from
the Willamette to the sea, whose habits, appearance, dress
and language were like those of the Chinooks and Clatsops.
The latter were a tribe of the Chinooks. The Claxtars, of
the Qatskanie Valley, the Cowlitz and the Klickitats (who
are probably the people spoken of by Lewis and Clark as
Chilluckittequaws) were intruders in the lower river country.
Doctor Coues says the Claxtars were a "vagrant Athapascan
tribe," and were therefore a vast distance from their home
people.

A little below the mouth of the Wallamet, on the northeast
shore of Sauvies (Wapato) Island, was a large village of the
Multnomah tribe. A little above this village on the Wal-
lamet, on the island also, was a Klickitat town. These Klick-
itats had driven the Multnomahs from that part of the island
in a battle. The Multnomas occupied uie southern and
western parts of this large island, and also the Scappoose

{>lain and lowlands, and old Charley Mackay, who knew the
ower river and its people from 1800 onward, told me the
Multnomas had a large town on the Scappoose Bay near War-
ren and another near Woodland on the lowlands of Lewis
River. The Multnomas were of the Chinook stock.

Mr. Fred H. Saylor, who has made a very extensive col-
lection of Indian msrths and lore, advances the theory that
the beautiful name of this tribe (which ought to be written
Multnoma) signifies "roses on the water." I find no indi-
cation of this in the original dialects, but this interpretation
is certainly descriptive of the country inhabited by the tribe —
prolific in wild roses, which at the time of their blooming
were usually surrounded by the widespread Summer floods
of the Columbia.

The Multnomas were specially fortunate in their surround-
ings, occupjnmg the lowlands of the Willamette, the greater
part of fertile Sauvies Island, the lovely slopes and prairies
of the Scappoose country, with the broad bays and inlets
reaching inland from the Columbia and their own river, the
Multnoma, which was the name of the western branch of
the Wallamet and also of the main river from its mouth to
the falls, twenty-five miles.

Thev had no horses, but plenty of canoes. Horses were
scarcely used anywhere on the Columbia shores from The
Dalles west In the lakes of Sauvies Island grew wappa-
toes, the best food of the Western tribes. This plant looks
like the cidla lily, and grows in rich, muddy soil, usually
under two feet of water or even more. The squaws gath-
ered the roots, which are similar to potatoes, by wading
out into the lakes, pushing a small canoe, or psiddVKtv^ omX.
in it and goin^ overboard when they reached \\ve ^^.v^^Xo

10 CHINOCK DXCnOKABT.

patch. They worked the roots loose from the mud with
their toes, and then they rose to the surface, and were
thrown into the canoe when the woman was ready to go
back to her home. Great flocks of waterfowl fed tn tliae
lakes, the wappato being also their favorite food. The great
white swan was the wappato digger, long-necked and power-
ful, and when he raised his head to look for the roots he
had sent up, the ducks had often devoured Uiem. This
root would be a valuable food for whites as well as Indians*
and it seems a pity it is not used among our people.

The kitchen utensils of the tribes were few and simple-—
bowls and trenchers hollowed neatly from wood, cups of
horn, horn spoons, and baskets woven so skillfuly as to be
water-tight took the place of jugs and buckets.

The weapons of hunters and warriors were the flint-tipped
lance, bow and arrows, and a mace. The fisherman used a
pronged spear, or a long lance with a detachable point of
horn such as may still be seen in use among Indians spear*
ing salmon on the Columbia. They wove nets of all kinds,
for taking anything from smelt to salmon, from strong
fibrous roots, and cau^t large seafish with curious hooka
of bone or ivory. Trout, squawfish and sculpin werU
caught in great numbers by baits tied to the end of a linc^
and when a fisherman felt a bite he snatched the fish aQ
quickly that he had it in the canoe before it could let gik
The clams of the seashore were a great and constant supptj;
of food, and their shells were used as spoons or saucers tot
broth.

BXTZRMINATIOK OF THX TRIBES.

When the first McCormick Dictionary was published thei
were nearly a hundred Chinooks living from Ilwaco t.
Scarboro Head. Half as many Clatsops lived on tli4
''plains." There were several hundred Chinooks at the samt
old Chinook shore in Lewis and Clark's time, and thousand!
of Indians on and near the Columbia from its mouth to Th<
Dalles. These all said that their numbers were ten-folc,
greater in the previous century, but that disease had swepf^
uie tribes away. Thousan(b oied of smallpox and measles»
contracted from sailors and traders from 1792 to the time of
Lewis and Clark. There was a great and mysterious mor«
tality among the Indians of the Wallamet in 1836-8, as re*
corded by the missionaries of Jason Lee's party. Similar-
fearful mortality among the Cayuses and Umatillas aroused
the fears and superstitions of those tribes against Marcus
Whitman, and doubtless caused the massacre.

ENGLISH - CHINOOK

. Sfth'-ha-lee.
icn. Yft-kwih'-tiiu
id. KiLp'-swiMa
-a-wa.

-e. Mim'-ook stSh.
acorns. Kah'-na-

. In'-a-ti.
L Kwass.
afterward. Klm'-

oon. Kim'-tah tit-
sun.
Wei^t
Cole sick.

admiration) . W&h I

in pain). A-nfth'

Elann.

ow Mam'-ook elann.
Is-sick stick. Lit-

Ij "paddlewood."
Kfth'-kwa.

ECon'-a-way.

hty (the). Sfth'-ha-

ry-e6.

t. Wake si-ah'.
E-Unn, or Ma-hftn.

give alms, Mamook

low-yiiro.
Ko-petlkt

Always. Kwon'-e-sum.
Althoui^ KJSgh'-che.
Amass. Is'-kum.
American. Boston.
American money. Boston

chickamin.
Amusement. Hee' bee.
And. Pee. (Fr. puis.)
Angel. Ta-mfth'-na-wus.
Angry. Sol'-Iex.
Any. Klaxta.
Anybody. Klaxta man.
Apple. Le p6me or poroi6.
Apron. Kis'-su.
Arbutus (madrono). L'fthb.
Arithmetic. Tzum. To

Hgure, mamook tzum.
Arise. Mit-wit
Arm. LJS-m^h'. (O. C.

Etispol-ettic Chehalis,

•tens-bo'-mish).
Arrest. Milm'-ook haul.
Arrive. Ko.

Arrow, arrows. Kli'-e-ton.
As if. Kfth'-kwa spose.
Ascend. KUt'-a-wa sah'-

ha-le.
Ash (tree). Issick stick.

Same as alder.
Ask. Wa-y?a.

12

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Assistance, aid. E-l&nn'. AwL Keep'-woot Shoe

At. Ko'-pa. maker's awl, shoe keep

Aunt Kwal'h. woot

Autumn. T<^n'-&s cole ill'- Axe. La hash'. (0. C

a-hee. Kitstan).

Bad. Kul-tus; me-sah'-

che; pe-sh&k'.
Back. £-meek.
Bag. L<^-s&c.
Ball. Le-b&I.
Bargain. M&r-kook.
Bark of a tree. Stick skin.

Bark (dog's), Kowmux

wawa.
Barley. La-shSy'.
Barrel. Ti-md-lich.
Barter. Hoo-ee hoo-ee ;

m&rkook.
Basin. K<^t'-ling.
Basket. Ope'-kwan.
Bat Po-Uk'-lee kulla kulla.
Beach. Po'-Ul-lee ill-a-hee.
Beads. Ka-mo'-suk.
Bear (black). ^ Chgt-woot;

its-woot; (grizzly) si-am.
Beard. Kli-poot'-chus.
Beat, to. Kok'-shut
Beaver. £e'-na.
Because. Keh' wa.
Become. Ch&h'-co.
Bed. Bed.
Before. E'-lep.
Begin. M&m -ook &lta.
Begone. KUt -a-wa.
Behave. M&m'ook kloshe.
Behind. Kim'-ta.
Bell. Tin'-tin.
Belly. Yah-kwah'-tin.

Below. Ke-kwilMe&
Belt Lft s&nrj2r.
Berries. O'-lil-lee.
Best £'-lip kloshe.
Between. P&t-sfik.
Beyond. Y&h' wa.
Big. Hy-is'.
Bird. Kul'-lakulMa.
Biscuit Le Bis-kwee.
Bit or dime. Bit
Bitter. Klile.
Black. Klale.
Blackberries. Klik-a-miiii
Blackbird. Pil'-kwi-tun

(the red shouldered).
Bladder. Ten-aah'-wit

(Che.)
Blanket Pa-se^-see.
Blind. Ha'-16 see-ow'-ist
Blood. Pil-pil. Ten-squal

(Che.).
Blow. P5h. Blow out t]

light M&noook p5h.
Blue. Sp6-ah.
Blunder (to). Tse^-pee.
Boar. Min K6-sh6'.
Board. Lft-pUsh'.
Boat Boat, Kanim.
Bobtail. Sis'-ki-you.

Boil, to. Lip-lip.
Bold. Wake kwass.
Bone. Stone. Taerk (Che.
Book. Book.

CHE^OOK DICTIONARY. 13

tick shoes. Breechclout O-poots sill.

Mam'-ook kla- Bridle. Li bleed'.

Bright Twah.
A-y&h'-whul. Bring. Mim'-ook ch&h'-ko.

Po-toosh'. British. King George (kin-

f-ei. chautsh').

Americaii. Broad. Kluk-ull'.

5n'-a-mdx. Broken. K5k'-8hut

A-hd-tki\ Brook. Ten'-as chuck,

-pit'-keh. Broom. Bloom.

L boat. Nose. Brother. K&h'-po, if older;

Ki-y&h, or Ya- 6w, if younger than the
dn. person speaking.

>os'-kan. Brother-in-law. Ek'-keh.

Cis-sett'. Buck. MIn m6w'-ich.

ight, a blow. Puk- Bucket Ta-mo'-litch.

Buffalo Moos'-moos.
n'-&8 m&n (O. C. Bullet Le-b&l, or kll-e-tio.
s'). Bundle. K5w.

Klik'-wil-lee. Bum. M&m'-ook piah.

Tsi-A-lits. But Pee.

11 chick-a-min. Bushel (bushel basket). T2-
koo'-kum-tum-tum. mo'-lich.
?iih slp-o-lil. Le Butter. To-toosh gleese.

Buttons. Chirchil.
::6k'-shut Buy. M&r-kook.

the breasts. To- By. Ko'-pa.

By-and-by. Win'-a-pee, al'-
le chest. Emih'. kee.

O-poots.

n'-&s moos'-moos. Canoe. Ca-nim' (O. C.

. Wa'-wa. chippots).

[a'-lowind. CaP- Sc-ah'-po. (O. C.

Camas, kammass. o-hei'-pul).

s'-kan. Capsize. Kecl'-a-py.

Li-shin-del', or Car (R. R.). Pi'ah chick'-

pri-ih. chick.

14

CHINOOK DICnONABT.

Carbine. C&l-i-peen'.
Carrion. Hiimm itl'-wil-lee,

Pu-pu.
Carrot Lft ci-l&t'.
Carry, to. L5-ld.
Cart Chick'-chick.
Cascade. Turo'-water.
Cask. Ta-mo'-litch.
Cat Puss^puss. (Sometimes

pish-pish.)
Catch. Is'-kum.
Cattle. Moos'-moos.
Cedar. Can-im stick.
Cellar. Ket'-wil-la.
Cemetery. Mem'-a-loose ill'-

a-hee.
Center. K&t'-suk.
Certainly. Ni-wit'-ka.
Chain. Chick-a-min lope.

(Necklace, lashen.)
Chair. Li shase.
Change. Hoo'-ee-hoo'-ee.
Channel. Oo-e'-hut
Cheat (to). Li-l&h'.
Chin. M&cT-ke-son.
Cheek. Checko; Cap'-a-ls.
Cheese. Kull to-toosh'.
Chicken. Lft-pool'.
Chief. Ty-ee'.

Child. T2n'-&s man; ten*
as.

Chilly. T2n-as cole.

Chop (to). Tllcope.

Cider. Chuck la-pome'.

Chimney. Lft shem'-i-nay.

Christmas day. Hy-fta' Sun-
day.

Circle. Kwc'-u-kwe'-u.

City. Skoo'-kum town.

dfli|j

Clams. Razor dams, O'aa
little neck, Lfick-iltHdiMj
quahang or lai^ge xobh
clam of Ptaget Sound k
called "Smetock" on ihl
northern coastiy and A(|
largest of all "flpo-duck."

Clay. Kllm-min'^iUV--

Clear. Klfth. To
become, fine wi
Chfth'-co klfth.

Clodc Hy-fts' tidc'-tic^

Cloth (cotton or linen),
or sill; (woolen) paa^j
see.

Clouds. Smoke.

Coat Ca-po'; Kat'-suk. (ft|
C, kapawillote).

Coffee. Kau'-pee.

Cold. Chis; cole O. C
mas' ; Tsish.

Color, colored. Tzunh

Comb (to). Mftm-ook

Come. Chfth'-co (O.
essa).

Command. W&'-wfi;
tum'-tiim.

Conceal. Ip'-soot

Confess (to). Yi'-Sm.

Conjure, conjurer. Ta-mj
na-wus.

Conquer (to). T6'-l6.

Conscience. Tum'-tum.

Cook (to). Mftm'-ook
ah.

Cool (to). Mftm'-ook cd»

Copper. Pil chick'-a-mlft

Cord. T«n'-as-l6pe.

Com, maize. E'-salt'h.

Corral Kul-lftgh'.

Cougar. Hy'-as puaa-^iS*-^

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 15

[to cough). Hoh- Crack (a fissure). Tsugh*

Cranberry. So'-le mee.
M&m'-ook tumr Crane. Ke'-lok.

Crazy. PSl'-ton or piltoiv
^am'-ook kon'-see; Cream, creaiorcolored. U
Qum. clem.

Iir-a-hee. Crockery. Ma-l&h'.

Tol'-a-pus (tah'- Crooked. Ky'-wa; klook.

Cross (the). Li clo'-ih.
K&h'-po; 6w. (See Crow (the). K&h-k&h'.
; same words Cry. Cly (O. C. Oke).

Cup. Gos'-kan.
or cowardly. Cure (to). Mam'-ook

kloshe.
aer-hutch (Che.). Curly. Hun'l'-kih.
e (the native Cut (to). Tl'kope.
>ple). P6w'-ich.

O-pit'-sah. Demand. Skoo'-kum wi'-

anse (O. C. Law'- wa.

Demon. Me-s&h-cbee ta«
o-Uk'-ly. m&h'-na-wus.

. O-kus'-tee. Descend. M&rsh kee-quil-

n. ly.

:. Sun ch&h'-co. Desert (to). K&p'-swaMa
Mem'-a-loose; at- kl&t'-a-wa.
(O. C). Desire. Tik'-eh.

loved). TaK-is. Destroy. M&m'-ook haMo.
igh-priced). Hy- Devil. Dc-aub'.
r'-kook. Die (to). Ch&h'-co miSm'-

Chah'-ko ten'as. a-loose.
[y'-as kee-quil-ly. Diet Muck'-a-muck.
[ow'-ich. Dig. Mim'-ook ill'-a-hee.

ah'-ha-le ty-ee'. Difficult Kull.
Hul-oi'-me la- Dime. Ikt bit

Directly. Tshi'-kih.
M2m'-ook tsee'- Displeasure (expression of).

A-nah'.
H/-&8 chiick.

M CHINOOK DICnONART.

I)lv#. 8A-p«'-Da ko'-pa Dowottream.

thittk. kuK-lex.

tin (in). Mim'-ook. Drawers. Ke

tftftUtr, Kfel'-ll-ly; doc- Drink (to). A

»»'». chikk (O. C

thtf, Kliioch'-mifi niftw- Drive (to). Ki

i'tt' Dninl^ Pfthtl-

Uttl^ KAfii'-ookf or K5m'- Dry. Dly.

, ':•' . Duck. Kw«h-

fMlif. Ortllfl. hlht.

thHti, M bAlf'. Dumb. Wake

timh (filltn). Whim. Dust Po'UMj

£

fiffc: Ki/>H#| ikf. Elope. Kip'-s^

''T* . 'IV*! •''*'■•'»• klooch-man.

(j^CwhhP-hfid), ChAk- Embark. Klat'

, Wfc'^^fi'Vik-i-U). chuck.

5l|f; WWOHw'. Embrace. Ba-b

IW ,W'"**'** Emigrate. Kli

JF«, W.ld, pa hul-oi'-me

(fffHMt. fikm)'-kAm mim'- Enclosure. Kiil-

a**^' .... . End. O'-poots.

girlhi llr-t-hN. Enemy. Mi-s&h

Sffl. UflehAh'-eo. kttm.

Kit. MMr-i-mOek. Bnipidi, Ensiui

Kbll tidf. ChOck klAt'-a-wA. George.

K«l (limpray). 8kwAk- Enough. Hi-yu,

Wil. Entrails. Ki^ya

EfftmiiMitf. KAh'-kwa Enumerate. Ma

klooeh'-mim tzum.

Egg. LI lip'. Bggi, tame. Equal. K5n'-a-i

Ei^t StAte'-kin. Erect Mit'-wit

Eighth. Sit-kiim kwfth-tah, Escape. Kloihe

or stotekin. Eternal. Kwon'

Elbow. Kim'ta le-mlh\ Evening. T<^D'-i

Elevate (to). Mim'-ook Every. Kdn'-a-^

sih'-ha-lee. Evenrwhere. ]

Elk. Moo'AISiLMUmt^^ kAh'.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 17

Ewe. Klooch'-man le-moo'- Explain. Pot'-latch kum'-

to. tux.

Examine. N&n'-ich kum'- Exterminate. K6n'-a-way

tux. ha'-Io.

Except M&nh, or pee. Extinguish. M&m'-ook'.

Exchange. Hoo'-ee-hoo'-ee. mem'-a-loose.

Exert Hi'-yu mim'-ook. Extraordinary. Hy'-as hul-

Expel. MSm'-ooh m&rsh. oi-me.

Expire. Ch&h'-co mem'-a- Eye, eyes. Se-ih'-wust.

loose.

Face. Se-&h'-wu8t Feathers. Tipso. Feathers

Fact Wake kla-min'-a-wit of the wings, quills, Te-

Fade. Ch&h'-co spo'-ih. peh'.

Faded. Spo'-ih. Feet, foot I^ pee-a'. O.

Fall Kl&t'-a-wS whim. C Che-kok).

Fallen. Whina. Fell (as a tree). Mam'-ook

Fallow. Kdll ill'-arhee. whim.

False. See'-pee, tsee'-pee. Female. Klooch'-man.

Falsehood. Kla-min'-a-wit Fence. Kul-Uh'.

Family (my). Ni'-ka til'- Fetch. M&m'-ook ch&h'-co.

a-kiim. Fever. Waura sick.

Famine. Ha'-16 muck'-a- Few. TSn'-as hi-yu'.

mfick. Field. KIdshe ill'-a-hee.

Far. Si-ih' (O. C, Tah- Fight (to). Ka-dee'-na;

oo'). pite. Fight (with fists),

Fast (rapid, quickly). Hy- Mira-ook puk-puk'.

^' Figured (like calico, wall

Fast (tight, secure). Kwult rl^^l'^tm\ ^^^"^

Fasten (to). Kow. pill (to). Mam'-ook pSht'l.

Fat Gleese. Fin. Pish le-mih'.

Father. Papa (O. C. Till- Find (to). Klap.

cumtoi) . Fjne (soft) . . Klim-min

n ^t_ T^» 1A «-lu 1- Fine (beautiful). Kloshe;

Fathom. It-lin; eth-lon. toke-tee.

Fear, fearful. Kwass. Finish, finished. K6-pet'.

Feast Hi'-yu much'-a- Finger. Le-doo' (O, C, Td-
mudr. lux- ash) .

18 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Fire. Pi'-ah; O-li-pit'- Ford. Chuck ooc'-hii

skee (Chehalis, Met'- way'-kuL

chip). Foreigner. Hul-oi'-me dl

First E'-lip. a-kum.

Fish. Pish. Forget (stop knowing). K.

Fishhook. Ik'-kik, or a'kik. pet' kum-tux; m&hMee.

Five. Kwin'-num. Fork. La pooshett Tab

Flag. Hy'-&s Sunday sail. fork, Opitsah six.

Flea. So'-pen Ee'-na-poo; Forks (of a river or road

Cho'-tub. La boos man.

Flee. Klat'-a-wa. Former. Ahn'-cut-ty,

Flesh. Itl'-wil-lee. Forenoon. E-lip sit'-ktj

Flies, fly. Le moosh'. sun.

Flimsy, cheap, inferior. Pe- Fortnight. Mox Sunday.

what-ty. Found. Klap.

Flint Kil-it'-sut Foui. Lock'-it

Float M&rsh ko'-pa chuck. Fowl. Lk pool'.

Flock. Hi-yu' moos-moos. Fox. Tish-ko-ko (O. C)

Flood. P&ht'l chuck'. Frail. Wake skoo'-kunL

Flour. Sap'-6-lil. Free. Wake e-li'-tee.

Flower, flowers, Kloshe Freezing. Hy'-Is cole.

tip-'so. Freight Kwass.

Fly (to). ICa-wak'. Frenchman. Pih'-se-ooki.

Fog. Smoke. Friend. Six; til'-a-kum.

Fold, sheepfold. Lg-moo'- Fringe. Tip'-so.

to-house. Frolic. M&m'-ook hee'-hee

£*'!!'*• IJ!/"""^""; . .. Frog- Shwah'-kuk.

Tpeeshkuka. ^%,M' ^im-ook 1& j

Food. Muck'-a-muck. *" •

Fool, foolish. Pel'-too, or Fryingpan. Li po-ell'.

Pil'-ton. ^ Full. Piht'l.

Foot U pee-a' (Chehalia, Fundament O'-poots, or (

Tt-lass'). pootah'.

Forajgc, grass land. Tip'so Funeral. Lo-lo mem'-i

ill-a-hec loose til'-a-kum ko'-j

Forever. Kw5n'-e-tiim. ill'-a-hce.

For what, wherefore? Pe Fur. Tip-so. Beaverskip

kih'-UL? Ee'-na d^-«o.

CEDD^OOK DICTIONARY.

G

19

To' 16.

Skoo'-kum wind.
Kli-kli.

^to). Kwal-l&l

I (a game). It'-lo-

. Kloshe ill'-a-hee.

Hp'-ku-irel.
»)• Is'-kum.
'. M&rsh, or Kl&t'-

I (arise). Mit'-wit
2, Etchalat'sa).

Ta-mih'-na-wus ;
the dead were spok-
' as '^Mimaloose til-

Pot'-Utch.

lik'-p'ho (old Chi-
I. Ten'-is klooch-

to). PStMatch (O.
Shall ; Chehalit,

Kw&n.

ss. Ual'-te.

She-lock'-um.
(no-see'em). Da'-go.

Muck-armuck kAh'-
ee'-na.

5:lat'-a-wa. (O. C,
k'-see).

Moos'-moos stick.
. Se-at'-co.

SAh'^ha-lee Ty-ee'.
-num is the old Chi*

word.

Pij chick'-arnun.

Good. Kloshe (O. C, Tlak,
which also signifies to
love). Good Spirit, E-
kone'.

Good-bye. Kla-how'-ya.

Goods. Ik'-tahs.

Goose. K&r-a-k&l-Ah'ma.

Gospel. Kloshe kiim'-tiix.

Grain. S&p'-o-lil.

Grandfather. Chope.

Grandmother. Chitch.

Grave. Mem'-a-loose ill'-
a-hee.

Grass. Tip'-so (O. C, Klet-
step). Kletstep euggetts
to me a probable origin
of the name Clatsop.
Jewett mentions a tribe
from three hundred miles
south of Nootha whom he
calls Keltsup, Since Cap-
tain Clark probably cor-
rupted ik'hol, a river (the
mouth of Elk Creek,
where he saw the whale
on the beach) into Ecola,
it is not wide of the mark
to suppose that he wrote
Clatsop for Kletstep. The
dwellers on those verdant
plains at the mouth of
the Columbia may have
been known as the "peo-
ple of the grassy land" or
KleUtep.

Grasshopper. Klah'-e-tlak.

Great. Hy-as'. (O. C,
Tahl).

Gray. Iai^c?; ^«5*

20

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Grease. Gleese.

Greedy. Tik'-eh kon'-a-

way.
Green. Pe-chuk.
Grief. Cly tum'-tum.
Grizzly bear. Si-&m'.
Grog. Lum-pe-chudc'.
Grouse. Si'-w4sh U-pool'.
Grow. Chih-c6 hy-is'.

Grunt. Wa'-^

ko'-sho.
Guard. Kloshe
Guard-house. Sk

house.
Guilt, guilty. ]
Gum, pitch,

goom.
Gun. Suk-wal-

Grumble. Sol'-lex wa'-wa. Gunpowder. P

H

Habitation. Kwon'-e-sum

mit'-lite.
Hail. Cole sn&ss. £-kap'-

pa (Che.).
Hair. Yik'-so.
Half. Sit'-kunu
Halibut. Pdws.
Hallo. N&h.

Halt K6-pet' klit'-a-wfi.
Hammer. Le mlh-td'.
Handcuff. Chick'-a-min

mam'-ook kow le-mah'.
Hand. Le-m&h'.
Hand (game of). It'-lo-

cum.
Handkerchief. Hlk'-a-ch&m.
Handsome. Toke'-tee.
Hard. Kull.
Hare. Kwit'-sha-dee.
Harrow (to). Mim'-ook

comb ill'-a-hec.
Harangue. Skoo'-kum w§'-

wa.
Harvest. Is'-kum sip'-6-lil.
Hat. Se-ih'-po.
Hatch. Ten'- Is Ig-pool chee

chih'-co.
Haul. Haul.

Hawk. Sh&k-sh
Hay. Dly tip'-s
Hazel, hazelnut

la.
He or his. Yih

Geach).
Head. Litate'

Thlam-ek-took
Heal. Chih-co 1
Healthy. Skoo'-l
Heap. Hi-yu' m
Hear. Kum'-tuj
Hearsay, rumor

yah'-ka wa'-w
Heart Tum'-tu

£t-ahum) .
Heat (to make h

CO waum.
Heaven. Sah'-ha

ill'-a-hee.
Heavy. Till.
Help. Mam'-ook
Hen. LS-poor.
Herb. Tip'-s6.
Here. YSh'-kw

Come here I N
Hermaphrodite.
Herring. Ool'-cl

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

21

to cut or chop).

Ip'-800L

It. Skin.

I'-ha-lec.

Hi-yu' hee'-hcc.

L-nash'.

I'-ka.

ka.

Kwult

Im'-ook kow.

e-osh.

sho.

ike mirsh.

i-whap'.

Sunday.

'ka house.

ake k&p'-swal-Ia.

'-i-tin le-pee-a'.

k. Fishhook, ik'-

Horn. Stone.
Horse. Ku'-i-t&n.
Horseshoes. Chick'-a-min

shoes.
Hot Hy-is' waum.
Hour (time of day). Titt-

tin, adding the number, aa

Klone tin-tin, three o'clock,

etc
House. House (O.C.,Tolth).
How. K&h'-ta. How many?

Kon'-sec.
How are you ? Kla-h6w'-ya ?
How large? K5n'-see hy-

as'?
Hudcleberries. Sh5t o'-lil-lee.
Hundred. Tuk'-a-mo'-nuk.
Hungry. O'-lo.
Hurry. Hy-ik'; howh.
Husband. Til-shSl.
Hut Ten'-&s house.

Ni-ka (O. C,

i-po. This word
common use, but
to be rather than
luck,'' which is

definition of the
les. Dr. Tolmie

as a Chinook
rhe present ed-
eased to discover

word merits a

the vocabulary
It is still in fre-
!, being the name
ge lake on the
OD shore near

the mouth of the Willanor
ette. This lake is named
Shilapoo on the maps.
Doubtless it got its name
of "icy water" because it
was frozen often when the
rivers were still open.
(Chehalis, Shoo-ee').

Idle. Kul'-tus mit'-lite'.

If. Spose.

Imbecile. Wake skoo'-kiim
U tate'.

Imitate. Mam'-ook kAh'-

kwa.
Immense. Hy-li** .
Impostor. KuV-tu*tJLY-«^ttou

22 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Imprison. Mit'-lite kopa Ink. Klale ch;

skoo'-kum house. tzum.

In. Ko'-pa. Innocent Wa
Inabili^ (expression of). chee.

How -kwiitl, or hSu'-kiU. Inquire. Tik'-el

Increase. Chah'-co h!-yu'. Inshore. M&ht'-

Indeed. Na-wit'-ka; whah. Insult Sol'-lez

Indian. Si'-wash. Interpret M&m'
Indomitable. Skoo'-kum tux hul-oi'-me

tum'-tum. Intoxicate. Ch&h

Industrious. Kw5n'-e-sum Invite. W&'-wfi

m&m'-ook. ko'-pa.

Infant. Chee ten'-Is. Iron (or steel).
Infirm. Sick; wake skoo-' min.

kum. Island. Ten'-Ss :
Inform. Pot'-Utch kum'- (O. C, Now'-ich

tux. It O'-koke; ik'-tat
Inhale. Is'-kum wind. ka (O. C, Ekek).

Jabber. Kul'-tus wa'-wi. Jolly. Hee'-hce tum'-
Jacket Yutes'-kut Ca-p6.' Joy. U-Sl'-tee.
Jail. Skoo'-kum house. j^g, stone 1& bo-tai'

Jay. Teh-a-ner (Che.). , • ou- i ou**
T.;i«„. Q.vir ♦«,«'-♦,%« ^ Jaice- Chuck; Chu

le ; Chuck ='
etc.

Jealous. Sick tum'-tum. J"*^?' ^""^J .

Jehovah. S4h'-ha.lec Ty-ee'. P*"™' ^^"''^ ""

Jerk. Hy-ak' haul. , , x c / -

Jesus. S&h'-ha-Iee Ty-ee J""*? (*«>)• So-pe-n;

ten'-is m&n (son of God). Just. Kw6n'-e-9um c

Job. Ten'-is mim'-ook. kloshe. Just a littl

Joke (to). Mimook hee'-hee. late' ten'-&s.

Kam'ass or Cammas root Kin. Til -a-kum.

Kim'-iss, U Cim'-ass. Kick (to). Chuck'-ki

Kettle. Ket'-ling. Kill. Mam'-ook m

Keep. Wake pot'-litch. loose (O. C., m^h

Kennel. Kora'-ooks house. Kiss (to). Be-bay'.

Key. Lk kleh'. Kltitii. TW-^^ v^^

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 23

-riendly). Kloshe Knife. O-pit'-sah.
m. Knock (to). Ko'-kd.

Vle-sah'-chee tir-a- Knotty. HunT-kSh.

Know (to). Kum-tuz.
M&m'-ook le pin. Knowledge. Kum-tux.
Che.) Tah'-nesa.

AHm'-ook. Lazy. Kl&h'-wa.

n'-&8 mJkn, Lead to; to take with one.

^ake hi-yu. Lo-lo.

la'-lil (O. C, Smi- Lead (metal). Shot

Leaf, leaves. Tip'-so.
ren'-&9 12 moo-t5\ Lean, meagre. Ha'-logleese.

Cly tum'-tum. Lean (to). L&gh.
[look te-ah'-wit. Learn. Ch&h'-co kum-tux.

Leap. So'-pe-na.
eel. SkwSk'-wal. Least. Ten'-is.
[ll'-a-hee (O. C, Leather. Moos-moos skin.
I. Elk or buckskin, Cle-mel'.

•r. Ne-nSm'-ooks. Leave off, cease. Ko-pet'.
J. Wa'-wa. Leg. Te-&h'-wit (O. C,

e-late' oo'-c-hut Eet-son).

[y-as' (O. C, Aya- Leggings. Mit-tiss'.

Length. Yoot'l'-kut
Kip'-swal-la. Lend (to). A-yih'-whul.

o'-sho gleese. Lick (to). Klik'-wun.

rrow, wren, or any Lie (falsehood). Kla-min'-
nrd. Ten'-as kul - a-wit (O. C, Ka-hup).
la. Lie (to repose). Moo'-sura.

dermost. Kim'-ta. Lift (to raise). MSm'-ook
im'-ta chah'-co. sih -ha-lee.

;^hee; wake ihn'- Light, daylight. Twah.

Light-colored. T'kope.
iee'-hee (Heltshin Lightning. Shilth'-lo (O.C,

Chinook). Sah'-ha-lce pi'-ah.)

,a lamp. Like (same as). K&h'-kwa.

:i6she tip'-so ill'-a- Like (to) . TikT-tU.

Limb (btancYiV t%\-i-\v»-

#

:.MWi^ ?)r«K. hmk oat! Kloshe ^

: »T:tf T«. ^is. A link, LoBknr^M. Sli^^?^

'rnto hriu. Look. Stall.

l.xt IT nr mitt. Mc'-Bk. tarn, Tsee'-pee; ew^

.-huiL Land. Sfcoo'-kum U-di

l^n^ Y^mrT'^kite, Lobbc ET-na-poo.

Iahj: ^fpfw Ahr-4att^: U- Lcrt Tik*-«li.

iM> Low (kl down). Ml

lAni IT. N4r.-K-^ Lmter. U plish'.

Mapi^^ ChiV^<» lcr-is\ Mns. Li mi»e^ (the C
MaidoL riicL o^ ceramuT).

Make. Miiii'*<Mik. Xl»x. Ship «ick.

Male Man. Ma«er. TV-«c'.

Malkc Me-Oh'-cbcc tila*- Mat. KHs'-kwisa.

turn. Mattock. Le pc-osh.

Mallard dock. Kwdn Mavor. Town tT-«c'.

kwi^h; liaht-halit Me.' NY-ka.

Mao. Man. While man. Meal (fknr). Sip'-o-l

Squintum (Che.). Meal (a). Mikk'-a-mi

Manage. KJim'-tfix Ik^-ta. Mean (•p'te^l). \
Mankind. K6n'-a-way til'- kldthe. ^ ^ _

a-kOm. Meaiure (to). T5h'.c

Man*. KO'-I-tin ySk'-td. Meat Itl -wil-Iee.

MMMirle (hindcu/O- Medicine. U mes'-ten

MIm'-ook kftw l»-m*h'. m«-w5n (O. c,

MuMMiim. Ily-An' houM. tiarli).

MwiMiMJ. MAm'mik kA'-pa Mrllow. Pl'-ih.

I« M»«li'. MpIi. (!hlh'-c6 klira-n

M««liv til vn'. MhimI. MUm'-ook tip'-s

Minl» NUlM tiiik Unill. MriiftlMiHtr. Mftrah pir

MMik»:| MHi^J^^MIK*, MpmIimiiI. MAr'-kook r

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 25

Iwan. Moral (upright). Kloshe.

hick'-a-min. More. Weght.

. Ty-ee' town. Morning. Ten'- is sun.

^at'-suk. Mosquito. Mel'-ik-wa.

Sit'-kum p6-lak'- Mother. Mira'-ma (O. C,

Na-ha').

KUt'-a-wa kih. Mottled (dappled). Lekye'.

o-toosh'. Mountain. La-mon-tai'.

moo'-Uh. Mouse. Hool-hool.

own). Ni'-ka. Mouth. Li-boosh' (O. C,

Le plate'. £-mets-kil ; Chehalis,

Ten'-is pish. Klunge).

im-min' ill'-a-hee. Move (remove). M&rsh.

lul-oi'-mee m&m'- Mow. Tl'kope tip'-so.

Much. Hi'-yu. (O. C, Og-
>he-ldck'-um. hu-way).

ee-hee'. Mud. Waight

Tsee'-pee; tso'- Mule. Lc-mSl'.

Murder. Mim'-ook mem'-
n'-as sn&ss. -aloose.

to). Tsee'-pee. Muse (reflect). Mim'-ook
ittle). Ten -is. turn' -turn.

V. Music Tin'-tin.

-lex til'-a-kum. Musket. Musket.

Skin shoes. Muskrat £-min'-te-pu.

Me-liss'. Mussels. To'-lux.

*^: ^, . Mustard. Pi'-ih tlp'-s6.

^hicK -a-min. .. ^ «-' i -' s

^QQjj Mute. Ha-lo wa-wS.

[oon (O. C, All- Mystery. Hy-is' hul-6i'-

mee.

I'-chey (ool'chey). My. Ni'-ka.

N

kunk Name. <Nem; Y&h'-hul.

^^°*^'- ., _. Nap. Sleep,

ger nails and toe- ^, , ,. . r^>.u ^^

To'-wah. Nasty (dirty). Kul'-tus;

tVake ik'-ta mit'- Me-sah'-chc.

Navel. Tcn-tomt* VS^>afc^i*

26 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Navigate. KUt'-a-w& kopa Night (darkneM). Po-la

chuck. Nine. Kweest, or Kw

Near. Wake si-ih; Yatch No (not). Wake.

(O. C), Mal-tee'-ny. Nobody. Wake kliksta

Neat Kldshe. Noise. Le-tlah\

Neck. Le-coo'; Oquan'-ax None. HaMa

(O. C, Chesp). Nonsense. Kur-tiis wi

Need (to want). Hy-it' tik- Noon. Sit'-kum sun.

eh. North. St6'-be-l6.

Needle (a). Tup'-shin. Nose ^snout). Nose;
Needy. Kla-how'-yum. meets (Chehalis, M

Negro. Klale til'-a-kiinii; ea).

Neg'ga. Not Wake.

Neighbor. Til'-a-kum mit'- Nothing. O'-ne-tan.

lite wake si-&h'. Notwithstanding. K
Nephew. Ack. che.

Nerve. Tle-pait', Now. Al'-ta (O. C, ^
Nest KuMa-kuIMa house. ka).

Never. Wake kon'-see. Nozzle. Nose.

New. Chee. Nutriment Muck'-a-m

O

Oak. Kull stick. Old woman. U mai'.

Oar. LSl Um'. On. Ko'pa.

Oats. Li-wen'. Once. K6-pet' ikt tim

Obscene. Me-sAh'-chee. One. Ikt

Observe. Nin'-Ich. Onion. L*6n-ion';

Ocean. Hy-is' sSlt chuck. lich'.

(O. C), We-co'-ma. Only. Ko-pet ikt

Ochre. Kaw-ka-wak' ill'-a- Open. Hih-lakr.

hee. ^ Opinion. Tum'-tiim.

Sr/' Hul-oi'-me. Opposite (across). In'
Off. Klak. oj ee'-na-ti.

Off-shore. Maht-lm-nee. ^ „

Offal. Kul'-tus. ^^- *^*-

Oil. Gleese. To oil, Mamr Order ^ (to). P6t-

ook gleese. kuro-tux.

Old. O'-le-min (O. C, Ornamental (gay col

Shoo). Tzum.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 27

Ha'-lo papa, halo Outlaw. Me-sih'-cfaee dl'-
a. a-kum.

Eiul-dr-mee. Other Over (above). Sah'-ha-lee.

)e'nati. Overcoat Hy-is Ca-po'.

id otter). Nc-njm'- q^i. Waugh-wiugh.

' (outside). Kia'- ^ ^

Ox. Moos-moos.

»

put outside: to Oyster, 03rster8. Chitlo; klo-
away). M&m-ook kid.
-nee.

Chih'-c5 kloshe. Pauper. Kla-how'-yum til'-

a). Is'-sidc a-kum.

to). M im'-ook is'- Paw. L5 pe-ay.

Pay. P6t^-14tch chick'-a-
ick. min.

>ent. Peak. Sih'-ha-lee iH'-a-hee.

[ox. Peas. Le-pwih'.

'kope. Pebble. Ten'-as stone.

Ten'-fts. Peep. Ten'-fts nftn'-idk

antaloons). Sa-kuK- Penintent Sick tum'-tum.

Penis (membnim virile).
Hy-as' puss-puss; Woot'-lit
jva'. People. Til'-a-kiink

K>-toosh'. Perhaps. Klo-nftss'.

'apa. Perpetual. Kw6n'-e-sum.

Pa'-peh. Petticoat (skirt). Kftl-a-

Papa pe mamma. kwah'-tee.
:i6she iir-a-hee. Petty. T«n'-4s.
Wa'-wa kul'-la- Physic U mes-tin'; m«s'-

sen.
to patch). Tope'- Piebald. Le kye'.

Piety (pious). Kloshe.
It'-kum. Pig. Ko'sho.

Is'-kum. Pill. U mes-tin'.

)o'-e-hut Pin. Kwek'-we-ens.

/

28

CHINOOK DICTIONAKT.

Pine (or any retinous tree).

Li-goom' stick.
Pipe. Lft-peep'.
Pistol. Tin'- is musket
Pit (hole). Ket'-wil-la.
Pitch. Lft gooRL
Plain (prairie). TillanKX>k,

Kolote.
Plank. Ll-plish'.
Plate. Lfts-slitt'.
Play. Mim'-ook hee'-hee.
Pleased. Youtl.
Plow. U-shil-loo'.
Plow (to). Klugh iir-a-hee.
Pole. Li'pHh',
Poor. Kla-hdw'-yum.
Porgy. Cuk'-ko (Che.).
Pork. Kd'.shd itl-wiMee.
Porpoise. Kwl-sca'-o,
Pot Klt'-liogp
Potato. W4p -a-td.
Pour (to). T«-wigb'.
Powder. P^-UHy.

Pralria. Til/'BQ i/l'-i-biw.

Prmiric wolf (a

a-pui.
Pray. Wl'wm I

ha-lee Ty-et.
Predooa. Hj-ia ^
Present (a). Kfi^

Utch.
Presently. AI'-U^

pee.
Pretty (nice; 0>od)-

tee.
Priest I^plate'.
Prophet (aoochaaycr

tim-a-nft.
Proud. Kwlkl; You
Prove. De-late kun
Provide. Is'-kum ik
Provoke. M im'-ook i
Prow. Nose.
Prowl. KUt'-a-wi

kih'.
Pudenda (vulva).

no.
Pull. Haul.

Push (squeeze). K^

Quahaug dims, fimlt'-ok.
Quail (partridgt). Ur-a-

hee kdr-la-ktfl'-U,
Quail (to), Chlb'-co

kwiiss'.
Quarrel. HhV-Un wl'-wl.
Quarter of a dollir, |kf

kwilh'-ta.

Quarter (a fourth). TM-
is sit'-kQm; kwib'li.

Quartz. Chick'-a-mi
pa stone.

Quaen. Klooch'-min

(iUMfi HQl-oi'-mee.

ilU¥hthi K6-pet pi'3

0Hl^1r. fty-Ak'.

flHilk 'r«-p«h'.

IJNilfi 'rviAm pa-see'

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 29

R

Kwet'-sha-dee. Remember. Wake k6-pet^

Me-sih'-chee sol'- kum'-tux.

Remorse. Cly tum'-tum.
ly-Hik' coo'-lee. Remote. Si-ih'.

le. Coo'-lee ku'-i- Remove. M&rsh.

Renew. Mam'-ook chee.
^ul'-tus sail. Repent Keel'-a-py tum'-

Hy-as' sol'-lex. tum.

;na8s (O. C, Stoo' Reply. Wi'wa.

Reptile. K&h'-kwa o'-luk.
llahee comb. Reside. Mit'-lite.

Vake hi-yu'. Resign. Kd-p«t'.

rlan le-moo'-to. Resolute. Skoo'-kum tum'-

Klat'-a-wi. turn,

(swift). Hy-&k' Rest. Ha'-lo m&m'-ook.
ook. Restaurant Muck'-a-muck

3f a river. Chuck house.

Resurrection. MSm'-a-loose
ries. Se-ih'-pult o'- mit'-wit

Retire (to go to bed). Ma-
>'-lee-co'-lee. hox'-te.

Shug. Return. Ch&h'-co weght

ike. Shug o'-poots. Ribbon. Le-ld'-b&.
Vake pi'-ih. Ribs. E'-tin-will; tel'-e-min.

^la-poo'-chus 6-pit'- Rice. Lice.

Ride. Klat'-a-wa ko'-pa
am. O'-na. chick'-chick.

:o arrive). K6. Rifle. CSl-i-peen'.

o). Kum'-tiix pa'- Right (at the right). Ken-
Lum'-tux book. ki-im'.

r'lkdpe' sap'-o-lil. Ring (a). Kweo-kweo.
[1 (sometimes pro- Ripe. Pi'-ah.
id Pel). Rise. Mit'-wit

Sick tum'-tum. Rj^er. Chuck (O. C, Ik-

Marsh, hoi', preferable).

Mam'-ook kwan. Road. Oo'-e-hut.
ell). Wa'-wa. Roam. Klat'-a-wa si-ih'.

Mit'-lite. Roan-color. San'-de-lee.

i

10

Soanre^ axeac: Li-pel'-il; Roitim.

RTiCk. Strxc A becer wnrd Raond (
M -Kaa," cxe ctd Chi- wvT-I

).

nook.

Rac (fiah <gp). Pish I«- UhW'''

jXtj' ■"■■ •

lf/y>f/ Sih'-ha-Iee kd'-pa *™'

(to).

RiWffer (cDck). Man U- Klp'-swil-Ia klUT-t-
poor. Roptnre. Kak'-akfiL

Sack. U i2c
Sad Sick tum'-tum.
Saddle. LS-seir.
Saddle-houtingi. L^pish'-

e-mo.
Sail. Sill, or sail.
Sailor. Ship'-man.
Saliva. Lft-boos' chuck; t6h.
Salmon. Sim'-mon (O. C,

Equan'oat).
Salt Le sell, or salt.
Same. Kdn'-a-moz.
Sand. P6'-iai-ly.
Sandwich Islands, Hawaii.

Owyhee.

Sash, belt Lft-s&n-j^l'-
Save; keep. It'-kum.
Saw. Lft iee\

Say, ta Wft-wl.

Scales of a f iih. Pish skin.

Scarce. WAke hl-yfl'.

Scarlet Hy-it' pil.

Scatter. Mliah fcon'-t

kih.
Schooner. MSk wddk i
Scissors. Le-eee'-ao.
Scold. Sollezwi-wi.
SooundreL Me-sih'-d

tir.a-kom.
Scream. Skoo'-kQm cl
Scribe, clerk. TisQm t

kum.
Scythe. Youtl'-kiit o-pi

sah.
Sea. Salt chuck. Wt

ma (O. C), 18 bette
Seal. Or-hi-yu.
Sea otter. £-lak^ ka.
See. Nan'-lch.
Seed. Seed.

Seek, to. Tik'-eh klip.

Seethe. Skoo'-kiim lipn

Seldom. Wake hi-yii'.

Self, myself. Ni'-ka.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 31

ir'-kook. Shovel. Li-pell',

wum-tuz. Shower. Ten'-fts snftss'.

Wake hee'-hee. Shrimp. She-sinch. (Che.)
O'-luk. Shut, to. Ik-poo'-yec.

Mim'ook. Sick. Sick; et-sit-sa.

>!n'-a-mdx. Sift, ta T6'-td.

Mam'-ook tip'- Silence. Ha'-Io tlih.

Silk. Li-s6y'.
rs'-to, Hul-hul. Silver. 'Tkope' chick'-a-
Wake kee'-kwil- min.

Simmer. Ten'-is lip'-lip.
Shem. (O. C. nach- Similar. K&h-kwa.
) Sin, sinful. Me-sih'-chee.

lit'-kum. Since. Kim'-ta.

Hy-is' kom'-ooks Sincere. Wake kla-min'-a-

wit
f ah-kis-ilth'. Tsish. Sing, to. Shon tay'. (O. C.
to. MlUn'-ook tsish. Ny-ee'-na).
h'-ka. Sink. Mirsh klip.

Mlim-ook Lft-see'- Sister. O-qua-tum. Ats (if

younger than the speaker;
A moo'-to. Kih'-po, if older).

)ney, (the small). Sit, to. Mit-llte (to stay),
oop; ftl-li'-ka- Old Chinook, yoots.

Six. Tih'-kum.
Qcy (the large). Size (what). K6n'-8ee hy-
i. 4s'.

Le-bah'-do. Skin. Skin.

Twah. Skunk. Skub'-be-oo.

ip. Hunmi-o-pooch'.

lut Sky. Koo-sah. (0. C,

hoes. Skatl).

M2m'-ookp6h. Slap. Kok'-shiit.
utes-kut Slave. E-li-tee.

et Ten'-is lebil'; Slay. Mem'-a'loose.
in; shot Sleep. Moo'-sum.

:h. Kli'-e-taD le- Slow, slowly. KUh'-wi.

^^«-P"t- Small. T«n'-as. (O. C,

. Ok-chock. hook).

Hy'-ii wa'-wa. Smell. Humm.

S2

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Smelt ("candle fish") UI'
ken. (ooK-kun).

Smoke. Smoke.

Snake. O'-Iuk.

Snare. La pee-age'.

Snow. Cole sniiss. (Che-
halls, Clak-oo').

Soap. Soap.

Soft Klim-min'.

Soil. Ill'-a-hee.

Sole. Kee'-kwil-ly I2-pee-a'.

Solid. Kull.

Solitary. Ko'-pet ikt

Son. Et-sich'-a.

Soon. Wake la'-Iee. Tsh!'-
keh, aKk!.

Sore. Sick.

Sorrel (horse). Le-blau.

Sorry. Sick-tum'-tum.

Soul. Ta-m&h'-na - wus,

tum'-tum.

Sound. L&-tlih'.

Soup. Lip'-lip muck-a-
muck.

Sour. Kwates.

South. St£-wih'. South
wind.

Sow, to. Mirsh sftp^-o-lil
ko'-pa iir-a-hee.

Sow, a. ' Klooch'-m2n k5-
sho.

Spade. L&-pell.

Spark (of fire). Tle'-yuk.

Sparrow. Tin'-is kfil'-la-
kul'-la.

Speak. Wa'-wa.

Spectacles. Ddl'-la se-fth'-
wust

Spike. Hy-as'-lg-kloo'.

Spill, to. Wagh.

Spirit Ta-mil

good spirit, i
Spirits, liquor.
Spit T6h ; mi
Split TsQgh.
Spoil Chih'-o
Spoiled. KuK-
Spoon. SpocMi.
Spotted (horsi

Marked, figi
Spring, Spring

waum.
Spruce tree. Sc'-
Spurs. Le tee'
Squirrel. Kwi

(The pine sq
Squaw. Kloocl
Stab. Klem'-a
Stag. Man mo
Stanch, to. Mi
Stand. Mit-wi

the-mil').
Stars or star.
Stare. Hi'-yu i
Stay, to. Mil'-
Steal. KSp'-si^

C, Ut-soo'-tul
Steam. Smoke.
Steamer. Pi'-ah
Stench. Pii-pu',
Stick. Stick.
Still, quiet T'
Sting. O'-poots

hun.

Stirrup. Sit' laj

Stockings, sockj

stocken.
Stomach. Ten-s
Stone. Stone.

Ejus).

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 33

?:6-pet'. Sun. Sun. (O. C, o'-tlih.
Mir^-hook house. Ikt Sun Monday (or one

[wind). Hi-yu' day) ; mox 8un, Tuesday,

Rainstorm, hi-jru' etc

Sunday. Sunday. Ikt Sun-
£h-k&h'-nim. day, one week, etc.

:. De-late'. Straight, Sunrise. Sun mit'-wit.

upright, Si'-pah. Sunset Klip sun.

. Hul-oi'mee. Suppose. Spose; klo-niss'.

r. Hul-oi'-mee til'-a- Surprise (exclamation of).

Hwah.

Dly tip'-s6. Suspect Spose me-s&h'-
Tries. Ah-mo'-teh. ch€e.

CUt'-a-wa k&h-k&h'. Swan. Kih-Ioken', 6w-
:o. Kok'-shut woo'-chec.

Skoo'-kum. (O. C, Slyap. Hoo'-ee hoo-ee.

'^)* „ - , „ Sweep, to. Mam'-ook bloooL

X. Stut'^hun. ^^^^ ^^

To'-lo. Swell. Pdw'-il.

li^-sook'. Swim. Sit'-chum.

La-tihb'. Tap. K6-k6.

Ten'-as le-kW. Tardy. Kla-wah'.

)'-poots or o-pooch'. Tart, sour. Kwates.

>. Is'-kum. Taste. Ten'-fts muck'-a-
ire. Kloshe nftn-ich. muck,

ff, or out M&m'- Tea. Tea.

lih'. M&rsh. Teach. M2m'-ook kum'-
tory. Yi'-cm; eh- tux.

i&mL Tear, to. Klugh.

Wa'-wa. Tear, a. See-ah'-wust
iy-is'. chuck.

Gleese; moos'- Tell, to. Wa'-wa; yi'-ero.

gleese. Teeth. Le-tau' ots-ats-ach.

Kwiss. Teetotaler. Is -kum ha'-l6-

^irsh yak'-s6 ko'-pa J"™-

Ten. Tahdum.

S4

CHINOOK DICTIONABT.

Tender. Wake kull; klim-

min'.
Tent. Sail house.
Tepid. Tcn'-is waum.
Terror. Hy-fis' kwasi.
Testicle. Stone.
Testify. De-Iate' yi'-em.
1' hanks, thank you. Mes-

see .
That. O-koke. (O. C,

Koo-sal'-la).
That way. Yih'-wa.
Thaw. Chih'-co chuck.
They. Klis'-ka. (O. C,

Kla-bi'-ka).
There, thither. Yih'-wa.
Thick, viscid. Pit-lill'.
Thief. Til-a-kum mSm'-

ook kap-swal'-Ia.
Thigh. Ten-se'-quok.

(Chi.)
Thin, as shingle, ice, etc

P'chc; pe wh&t'-tee
Thine. Thou. Mi'-ka.
Thing. Ik'-ta.
Think. Pit-tuck'; mim'-

ook tum'-tum.

This. O'-kokc. This way,
Yih'-kwa.

Thirsty. 0'-I6 chuck.

Thou. Mi'-ka. (O. C.
Noo).

Thread. Kla-pite'.

Three. Klone.

Throw, to throw away.
M&rsh.

Thunder. Sih'-ha'lee akoo'-
kum wi'-wfl. Kan-a-
wak'-soo-ma. (0. C)

Thunder-bircL Hi
This was a great
the old Indian n

Tide. Chuck chl
klftt'-a-w£.

Tie, to. K6w.

Tight, secure. Ky\

Timid. Kwfiss.

Tinware. Ma-Uh'

Tip, to. Lftgh.

Tire, of a wagon,
chick chick'-a-mi]

Tired, weary. Til

To, toward. K6'-p

Tobacco. Ki-noo
noos'. (In Klick
wa'). A substitut
bacco, the leave
kinnikinnic', or b
ly {arctostophyl
ursi), a pretty,
shrub of the cout
the coast, was sn

Today. Ikt sun.
Chan.)

Tomorrow. To-mo
Wa'-kee.

Tonguf. LS-l&ng'.

Top, house top. SI
kopa house. Treetc
ha-Iee stick.

Tough. Kull.

Tow. Mim'-ook h
pa chdck.

Toward. Chlh'-co
wa.

Towel. Scc-ih'-wiis

Trade, swap, barter
ee hoo'-ec.

mm

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 85

1, Btorkeeper. Trout Tzum sftm'-mon.

ok-man. True. De-I ate' (also truly),

/-c-hut Trunk. Li-cfts-sett'.
vagabond. Kul'- Truth. De-late' wa'-wS.

i-kum. Try. Mftm'-ook.

-pe-age'. Tub. Ta-mo'-litch.

lul'-tus ik'-tah. Turn, to. Keel' a-py.

EClat'-a-wa. Turnips. Lft Moo au.

ck. (O. C, Twilight Twah.

»eh). Twine. Ten'-is lope,

to. Ha-let'. Twist, to. MSm'-ook keel'-
h-teh'. a-py»

Sa-kul'-lex. Two, twice. Mdx, moxt

U

ake toke'-tee. Up. Sih'-ha-lee.

6t Upset, to. Keel'-a-py.

lee'-kwil-ly. Urchin. Ten'-4s til'-a-kum.

d. Kum'-tux. (O. Urge. Hy-is' tik'-eh.

''sickrtim'.tiiiiL U8.o"f.^c. Nc-si'-ka.

L^-mo'-lo. ^se, to. Mlim'-ook.

[&m'-o6k stoh; Useless. Kur~tus.
:6w.

V'ake ik'-tah mit'- Veal. Ten'-2s-moos'-mooi

itl-wil'-lec.
Kul'-tus til'-a- Vegetables. Muck'-a-muck

chih'-co kopa ill'-a hec
SWiSm; Veins. T^-arte-lets. (Che.).

'€n'-i8 cis-fgtt'. Vehicle. Chick'-chick.
W-lee. Venison. Mow'-Ich itl-wil'-

noke. lee.

86

CHINOOK DICnONABT.

Victuals. Muck'-a-miick.
View. Nin'-ich.
Vigil. Wake moo'-sum.
Vile. Kul'-tui.
Village. Ten'-is town.
Villain. Me-sih'-chee dl'-

a-kuuL
Vine. Youtl'-kut tip'-so.
Viper. Ten'-as o'-luk.
Virgin. Wake kum'-tux-

man.
Vision. Ta-mSh'-na-wns.

Visit KUt'-a-wa nin'-!ch
tir-a-kunk

Voice. Wr-wi.

Vokram. Pf-ah la-i

Vomit, to. Wt^

Vermin, ileaa, etc Ee'
poo.

Very. Hy-ai'. veiy
hy-is' kfir-tib.

Vessel. Ship.

Vest U wSflt

ViiL T&i'-is Is-boo-ctf.;

\rice. Me-sUi'-chce.

Victor. ToM5 til'-a-kfin,

W

Wade. Kllit'-a-wi ko'-pa

chuck.
Wagon. Chick-chidL
Wail. Hi-yu' cly.
Wait Win'-a-pce.
Walk. KUt'-a-wa.
Wampum: shell money.

Hy-kwa.
Wander, to. Ts6'-lo.
Want, to. Tik'-ch.
War, to. M2m'-ook pite.
Warn. Waum. (O. C,

Whul'-lah).
Warning. P6t'-14tch kum'-

tux ko'-pa me-slh'-chee.
Warrior. Pite tir-a-kum.
Wash, to. M&m'-ook wash.
Wasp. An-dc-il'.
Watte, to. Kul'-tus mirsh.
Watch, a. Tick-tick.
Watch, to. Kloshe nftn-ich.
Water. Chudc

Waterspout ChOck oo'-i

hut

Waterfall. TOm'-wItK
We. Ne-si'-ka. (O. C,

ne^im).
Weak. Wake ikoo'-Ua.
Wed. M&m'-ook m&r-
Weed. KuK-tiit tip^
Week. Ikt Sunday.
Weep. Cly.
Weigh, to. Mftm^HMJ
Well ; well theiL Ab'
West Sun mitMite,
Wet PihtlchiidE.
Whale. E-co'-la; kwU'i
What? Ik'-tih? ((

tarn).
Wh« color? Kih'ta
Wheat Sip'-o-lil or
Wheel. Chick-chick.
When. Kiin'-juk; kteV
Where. Kih.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. S7

pvhct'. Wipe, to. Klak'-wun.

um. Wire. Chick'-a-min lope',

cope. Wise. Hi-yu kum'-tiix.

x'-ta. (O. C, Wish. Tik'-ch.

With. K6'-pa.

'-lo. Withdraw. M^m'-ook

lOr-tus klooch'- keel'-a-py.

Witchcraft Me-sah'-chee

"**• ta-m&h'- Da-wus.

de-s&h'-chce. Without, having none. Ha'-

k-uir. 16.

no'-lo. Without, not in, outside,

looch'-man yih'- Kli'-ha-nec.

kcm'-a-loose. Wolf. Le-loo.

•och'-man mit'- Wool. Le-moo'-to-yak'-

a ikt man. O- go.

'• Woman. Klooch'-man. (O.

Tum'-tum. c., tluck-ull').

e'-na stick. Woman's gown. Coat,

ao'-lo- Woo. Tik'-eh mai'-leh.

U-m6-l6 ill'- Wood, wooden. Stick. (O.

C, £c-skann and Ubsh.)

Tam'-tum. Work. Mam'-ook.

ball you? Nah? World. Kon'-away ik'-
I, tah.

*5'.l5. Worn-out O'-le-mln.

jd. (O. C. Worse (to become). Chib'-

c6 hi'-3ru' sick.

5e-l6kc'-mil ; Worthless. Kul'-tus.

Wound, ta KlSm'-a-biin ;
pib'. kwult

Mim'-ook see W"*«' ^' Mam'-ook tzumi

Writing. Tzum.
»le iir-a-bee. Wrong, Wake klosbe.

t8 CHINOOK DICnONAKT.

Y

Yard. Ikt stick'.

Yankee. Boaton. Yea^ tmiecd. Nl-W*'

Yawn. Tik'-ch moo'-sum. Yesterdsjr. Tihf-te; <

Year. Cole or koL Ikt kol, kee amk (a C, T

one year; klone kol, three Ha).

years. Yonder. Yih'-wa.

Yearn. Hy-fts' tik-ch. You (singalar). 1

Ye. Mesilca. (O. C, tla- Plural, me-d-ka.

di'-ka). Your, yours (si»P

Yell. Skoo'-kum cly. Mika. Plural, wH

Yellow. Kaw'-wa-wak. Young. Tcn'-a^ (0

Yelp. Kow'-mooks cly. Kwalim').

[INOOK OF THE PURE OLD TYPE

(Meaning of Names,)

IT ''Jargon'' is deficient in inflection, comparison,
ler and many other features of a finished language.

original Chinook was more abundant in such in-
ions than English. Dr. Franz Boas spent years in
study of the Indian tongues about the mouth of
Columbia, and his records of Chinook, Chehalis

Cathlamet are bewildering in their complexity.

"number" of nouns among the Chinook included,
the Greek, singular, dual and plural. The genders
; ail expressed by a primal syllable, of which form
: words in the Jargon still are evidences, as: £-lite,
asculine slave (though used indiscriminately in
on), ^-lahka, £-salth; the prefix E denoting the
uline. A primal o indicated the feminine, as in
anax, o-qulakull, and an initial I, which was
in like a forcible gl, and which was one of the
nny features of their speech to Europeans and
ricans, denoted the neuter, as in / ukutchee, clams;
uk, water.

rammatical forms expressed great and small, and

ideas were indicated by the regular construction

ords expressing these ideas, as ^A-pkwan, a large

it; o-pikwan, a small basket. Instead of a separate

oun denoting "m/' father, "his" father, "their*'

rr, etc., the noun itself was inflected, its changed

representing all our pronouns. Relationships in

lies are also remarkable, and even in the Jargon

iples still persist, as: kahpo, an older brother; otuf,

mger; but these words were used only by a person

cing of his own brothers. There were at least

forms for grandmother, covering both sides of a

ly, and uncles, aunts and other relatives were so

y and thoroughly indicated by distinct words — ■

of our soi>-in-Iaw and "great-great** combinations

It there is a large vocabulary in family relation-

\ alone.

e

40 CHINOOK DICTIONABY.

In th« examples of the original Chinook given bd
the accusative and oblative case is indicated in «
formation of compound words in some instances. OtI
examples are given to show the surprising extent
the old language and its arbitrary formation, ignorl
the roots and clews by which we recognize words
Aryan tongues.

Chinook.

English Equivalent.

Actungomit.

He carried her away.

Atstotena.

He killed them.

NichelkuliL

He spoke much to hiia

Nopa.

She went out

Nachelka.

She grew angry.

iNoya.

She went

Tolk.

A house.

Wewootlee

Interior of a house.

Yahka (same in Jargon). He.
Tiaklietanema. His arrows.

(Here the possessive is indicated by tia and the ploi

by ema.)

Kawok.

A guardian Spirit

lakawok.

His guardian Spirit

Imeyoghema.

. Your guardian Spirit

Iguannot

Chinook salmon.

Glapta.

Salmon eggs.

Otsoyeha

Blue-back salmon.

Oowun.

Silver salmon.

Opalo.

Trout

Olatee.

Dog salmon.

Elemich.

The tutelary spirit of ha

Iquamietch.

CIS.

The tutelary spirit of fi

ermen.

Wachs.

Every morning.

Lisa

Dishes made from horn

mountain sheep.

Okulam.

The roar of the surf.

SIkomam.

They arrive at their hoi

The words above have strongly accented syllafa
which seem needless to indicate in this comparison.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 41

selected sonorous words. There are many in the
xts of Doctor Boas which would stagger a Pole,
trt a few names of places which seem worth re-
ig. In one or two instances their meaning is
on reasonable conjecture. I have found no pre-
record of dieir meaning except as stated:
-suance (Wind River, Wash.) Big water.
:amey (originally N'akama, a Clatsop word).
Great Spirit's mountain.

ima (Clatsop) origin of above. The Great Spirit
lanakum (spelled commonly Necanicum). The
ig authorized by U. S. maps is Nekanakum.
em sources of this stream rise in the Necamey
and I venture die assertion that our modem name
ly slightly corrupted from "Nakamaikhol/' the
t river."

tsop, derived from the Chinook word 'Icletstep"
ilieve), whidi meant grass, grassy, grass-land.
'Clatsops" received the name of the country where
ived.

po or shelipoo. The old Chinook word for ice,
roztXL This definition fits Shilapoo lake, Clarke
r, as explained in vocabulary,
catilcum. A Tillamook name for the lower Co-
a. The Indian, however, did not mean the water
! river, as we do by our names, but the country
rh which it ran. I take Shocatilcum from Lewis
Mark's Journal.

una (pronounce Wah'na). Klickitat word for
aod doubtless applied to the Columbia, and prob-
o others alsa (Wauoa as a name for the Colunoh
alley by F. H. Batch in ''Bridge of the Gods,"

GRAMMAR OF THE JARGON

There is no inflectioo of words. The same foiA
used generally for both singular and plural, tiioa;
occasionally an s is added to indicate the plural
olillee (berry or berries), iktas and noappatoo,

Mika, Nika, Mesika, etc., personal pronouns, are Q
in both nominative and objective cases, and also \
sessive; but yahka is a distinct possessive, meamng
or her. The same word also serves as a demonstra
pronoun, signifying "that" person or thing.

Okoke (or ocoke) is also a demonstrative, signif
this, this one.

Klaxta is used as an interrogative pronouD for wl
as ** klaxta okoke kuitanf" Whose horse is this?

There is no comparison of the adjective, but be
expressed by elip, which is literally "first." Mai
expressed bv hiyu, as **hiyu olillee," plenty of her
and much or very by hyas.

There is no article, save that sometimes yahk
okoke is emploved to serve as definite "the"; "c
8un" this day, "ocoke ten as" the child.

No plural form of words. "Hiyu" expresses "na
in connection with nouns, as: "Hiyu paseesee/' j
blankets.

Adjectives and modifiers precede substantive, a
English; "Skookutn kuitan," a strong horse; **
eena," big beavers.

No inflection of adjectives, the comparison bein|
pressed by periphrasis, as ''wake tnesahchee Si^

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 43

iiihhoa Pahsiooks/* the Siwa»h is not wicked like the
frenchman; or "hiyu polaklee yahkwa," it is very
<Iark here. Stress upon certain syllables expresses the
idea of exaggeration as "sidh" — the latter syllable more
ud more prolonged to indicate great distance. "Tenas"
emphasized in this way means very small. *'Ahn' kutty"
Teiy long ago.

Genitive or possessive is expressed by construction,
and the use of the personal pronouns, which become
possessives when prefixed to nouns, as: "Nika okusiee**
my daughter; **Yahka seahpo" his (or her) cap.
"Klaksta okoke kuitanr* whose horse is that? "Nika,"
it is mine; "Nika komooks" your dog.

The personal pronouns are:

Nika, I.
Mika, thou.
Yahka, he, she, it
Klaxta, who.
Mesika, we.
Nesika, you.
Klaska, they, them.

Among the interrogatives are "Iktah" what?
What's up now? etc

**Kah/* where? whence? whither?
'*Kahta/* how? why?
"Konsee/* How many? how much?
'*Klaxta/' Who?

**Howhumtl/' How can? how could?
"No" is a general interrogation, and used in many
different forms of question.

umi

DERIVATION-PRONUNCIATION

The origin of words in the following vocabulaiy is in-
dicated as follows: Chinook words and words plainlj
derived from English are not marked. Words from die
Chehalis are marked (Ch.) ; from Nootka (N.) ; from
Wasco (W.); from Klickitat (K.) ; from Salishan
tongues (S.) ; from Canadian and French (F).

Invented words, and words of doubtful origin whidi
have become incorporated in the Jargon are matked
(J.)* Words of less frequent use and unknots
origin are marked (?). Many gjood words, worthy ol
perpetuation from the original Chinook, are indicated
by the letters (O. C). These are given not so much
for enlargement of the vocabulary as for comparieon^
and for the preservation of old form, and have bera
culled from all existing words. In nearly every in-
stance these words were actually in use in the time <rf
Doctors McLoughlin, Tolmie and Bimie.

Pronunciation is indicated as follows: Accented syl'
lables by an accent mark ('). This accent is not in-
variable in all words, but sometimes movable, as in
'*Klahanee," which is accented on either first or last
syllable. Sapolil varies its accent occasionally in the
same way. There are very few variations of this
kind, however. Tenas and hyas are among theno.

A (a) has the long; narrow sound of a in face^
fade, when marked a, as Klale, delate. Short A ii
marked & as in common usage: Kl&k, mSmook. The
'Italian" broad A (ft) will be indicated by the ft in

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 46

klih, mftrah, etc. The ft thus marked has the same
sound as in arm. The broadest A (a) as in all, war,
is used in wawi, kwftn, etc

£ has only the short (h) and long (e) sounds, indi-
cated in the usual way. I, O and U also, have only the
short and long sounds indicated as in phonetic English,
cxcq>t that U in some cases has the value of oo, as in
nlchey, ulken and a few other words, for which our
tjrpcs have no special character.

R, F and V were difficult or impossible to most of
the Indians; but as the French word "marche" was
taken into die Jargon it revains a semblance of its old
form in ^marsh." Fire became ''piah." Some old
liomii retained in this edition have become fixed by
usage, such at lagh, t'lkopt, howkwut'l. Most of the
early forma of Chinook words have been curtailed of
these awkward combinations, and no doubt the spoken
Jargon has lost its special characteristic, which was the
powerful and frequent guttural. This is still indicated
in certain words by an apostrophe following t*, V and
p*. The frequent sound of ch, a characteristic of the
Chinook, sounded like the gh in the Irish word lough,
it now represented in most cases by k.

The modem usage of the vowels of the Jargon is
better defined than that of the time of the Astoria
lettlement, for Alex. Ross, one of the Astor men, in his
Chinook vocabulary, represents our klaxta by "tluxta,"
ahnkutty by ''ankate," weght by "wought," kuitan by
leutan," kultus by '^kaltash," iskum by "eshkam.''
Other early writers indicate the same doubtful vowel
sounds of the Indian speech, which time and usage
have brought to the simpler present forms.

4C CHINOOK IXCnONART.

Doctor Franz Bou took infinite pauw to record
fpccch c£ the Chinoola prediely, and in hii "Chinooi
Tezti" :lic uncouth aboriginal is exactly depicted,
an example, the word oqukakoll ia lepreaented by tfa
ttutter-Iike, throaty gags in lieo of ijllablcai the B
syllable containing the only YOcaL

This guttural exaggeration of k, t^ g and 1 was ch;
acteristic of the tribes of the coast and lower Columfc
the language of the Indians on the eastern sources
the Columbia and beyond the Rocky Moimtalns bd
free of it

CHINOOK-ENGLISH

lb'-b& (J). Well; very well.
ttd (J). Nephew.

Ih'-lia. Assent: yes. Usually a nasal sound, as if
pronouncing aha without opening the lips. This
word (or mun^ling) is common to all Coast tribes.
tt-mo'-tSh. Strawberry — plant or fruit Corrupted
into almota occasionally.

I'-kut-ty. Formerly; in the past Prolonging the
first syllable gives the sense of long aga
•kVL or more commonly ik'-kik. A fishhook.
^W (J.). Expresses surprise. "Alah mika chahco!"
''Behold, here you are!"

-ki, al'-kee. Presently; not so fast; by-and-by.
•fi-kl-cheek' (?). A small shell worn as an orna-
ment for the ear.
-tL Now; at this time.

I Expresses displeasure or disapprobation.
''Anah, nawitka mika halo shem!" — "Ah, indeed,
are you not ashamed!"
il . A wasp.
Mi (J). See la-pel'-la.
uk' (O. C). Snow.

A sister, younger than the person speaking of her.
i'-whuL (S.) To lend; also to borrow.
i-miD' (O. C). Dead.

B

E'-Iee. Striped.

(P.). To kiss; to fondle.
A bed.
A dime or sixpeanjr piece.

r

48 CHINOOK DICnONART.

Bloom. A broom. Mamook bloom^ to tweq
Boat A boat, as dittinguiahcd from a canoe.
Boston. American; an American.
Boston Iir-a-hee. The United States.
Bur-dish (P.). A hermaphrodite.
By-by. By-and-by.

Cil-1-peen' (P.). A rifle; carbine;

Ca-nim'. A canoe.

Canim stick. Cedar, the wood fmn which cano
usually made.

Ca-po' (P.). A coat; a cloak.

Cip'-a-Ia. The ched^s.

Chfth'-co. To come; to become; to grow.
mika chacho?" ''When did jrou come?**
Sollexy" to become angry. "Chahco tpoah," 1
"Chah'co kloshe/' to get well, to become g

Chik'-chik. The white-headed eafl^

Chau (O. C). Today.

Chee. New; lately; just now. "Chee nika kli
I am going right away. "Hyaa chec^"
new.

Chee-chee (O. C). Small bird.

Chesp. Neck.

Chj^t-lo. An oyster; oysters.

Chet-woot A black bear.

Chick'-a-min (N.). Any metallic substance. *

chickamin/' silver. "Pil chickamin,*' ooppei

brass (red metal).
Chik-chik (J). A wagon; a wheel or wheels;

road car or train.
Chil-chil. A button; badge.
Chis. Cold.

Chitch (S.). Grandfather.
Chope (S.)* Grandmother.
Chotub. A flea.

CHSNOOK DICTTONAHt. *9

ludc. Water; rirer. "Silt chuck," the sea. "Skoo-
kum chock," ■ rapid river, or rapidi. "Sollex
chud," a rough sea. "Chuck chshco," the water
comes (flood tide).

hiik-kiD. To kick.

1y. To cry; mounuDE; weeping.

Sie. Cold. "Cole illahec," winter, cold weather,
year. "Cole tick," ague, chills and fever. "Ikt
cole," one year.

V-lee-co'-lee. A rat

Cunb. Comb. "Mamook comb," to comb. "Mamook
comb illahee," to harrow.

Coo'-lee. To run. "Coolee kuitan," a race horse.
Coolee also signifiu a narrow valley, usually dry,
through which spring floods run during the melt-
ing of the snow. (Probably from French "courit").

Da'-ga Gnat* ("Ko-see-'em) .

De-Iitc' (F.). Straight; direct; true. "Delate wana,"

la tell the truth. "Klatana delate," to go directly,

walk straight, to keep the road.
H-aub' (P.). The devil.
)ly. Dry.
Joc'-tin. A doctor,
)ol-la. A dollar; money. "T^ope dollar," silver

mMwy. 'Til dolla," gold.
Jolla see-ah'-wuM. Spectacles (eyes one pays for).

ac-Anin (O. C). Wood; wooden.

tieot'. Good spirit

&'-ku''tiich. Bad spirit

Bc'-dL Beaver. "Eena stick," willow (beaverwood).

Be'-na-poo. Louse. "Sopen eenapoo," flea (jump

louae).
VHia-«i, or inatL The other side; across.
Gh-klb'-nlm. A tale; a story.

Ek'-Ub. A

£ -la-hia. or £!»& Aid; alm^ ''hAanMoik du
Ittipi, to give aim or iMulanoe.

E-iU\i. Tbr m oner.

EHvIi. A whale

£'-lip ^Ch.K Pint; feroHnt; before; aooo, 9
more. *-£Iip kkabe," tlie bcsL ISlip n
piah,"* make a fire fim. ''Klatawa elqi," go
in front. '^Elip dlakumy" die fint people I
supposed to hare inhabited die ooontiy bef
Indiana.

£-U'-tc. A si are.

£-meck (J.). The ba^

£-mcets' iJ.). The now.

£-mi'h (J.). The breast; the chest

£-quan'-nat. The Chinook word for salmon,
word is the original of Qninnat, a apecifi<
for the Chinook or king salmon.

£-silth' (W.). Maize; Indian com.

£-tim'-a-nl (S.). A prophet

Ee'-tin-wiU (S.). The ribs.

Es'-sal (O. C). To come.

£t-shum (O. C). The heart

Edi'-lln, it-lln. A fadiom.

Et-sit-sa (S.). Sick.

E'-wash. Penis; membrum virile.

o

Gleese. Fat; oil; grease. "Hiyu gleesc," ve
"Tootoosh gleesc," butter.

Gleese pi'-ah. A candle.

Get-up', or ket-op^. To rise; get up.

Goom, or la-goom (P.)* Pitch; resin.

Goom stick. Pine, fir or spruce.

CHINOOK' -DICTIONARY. 51

«

In (O. C). To kill. " / .' • ' -

•lakr. Wide; open. ''Mamook tahlikl -lapote//
open the door. "Chahco hahlakl/' to becocae mo/e
open, as a clearing in the forest
^hiht (iN.). Mallard duck. See also Kweh-kweh.
-a-chunk A handkerchief.
ict. Xo tremble.

a (J.). None; absent; not "Kah nika komooks?"
Where is my dog? "Halo," not here. "Halo
wind," a calm; dead. "Klap nika pish?" Are you
catching any iBsh? "Halo," not any.
tash. Unaware; undesigned.
[, mamook haul. To pull; to haul.
-hee. Amusement; joke; fun. "Mamook heehee,"
to make fun. "Heehee house," any place of amuse-
ment

ih (O. C). To laugh,
-hoh. To cough.

-ee-hoo-ee (F.). To change; exchange; barter;
trade. ''Hooeehooee tumtum," to change our mind.
"Hooeehooee kushis," change stockings. "Kahta
hoeehooee mika kuitan?" How will you trade your
horse?

'-hool. A mouse. "Hyas hoolhool," a rat
ku-mSl (Ch.). To gather; to glean.
le. House; dwelling. "Markook house," a store,
'h. Turn to, or get to work briskly; huriy.
'. Listen; attend.

r-kwutr. Expresses inability. How could? Can-
not "How-kwutl klap yahka?" How could I find
her?

-leK. To shake; or mamook hullel. "Mamook
hullel sapolil," sift, or stir the flour or wheat
•oi'-mee. Strange; different; other. "Hyas huloi-
mee," very strange. "Huloimee tilakum^" other
people; a different tribe.

am (J.). A stench or smell. "Kloshe humm^" a
good smell,
tmi o-pooch. Skunk.

62 CHINOOK DlCrioKARY.

Hunl'-kih. Curled ;> curly; .crooked; knotted.

Hi-yu'. Much; p|<(n^«; enough; many. "Hiyu mud
amuck',^ plenty vto eat ''Wake hiyu," not many;
few. "Tcuas hiyu," •ome; a few.

Hy-&k\ Hurry; hasten; swift; sudden; make haitc
''Hyak mamook issick/* paddle swiftly.

Hy-is' (N.). Great; very; large. **Hya8 ahnkutty,'
long ago. ''Hyas markook/' very dear, high priced
"Hyas kloshe/' very good or nice.

Hy-kw& (N.). Shell money or wampum. This for
merly was used as money among Northwestern la
dians. ^ The kind prized most highly was tin
dentaliutn, a long; white, quill-like shell, procura
in deep water from the coasts of the straits and VBt
land seas by thrusting a mass of blubber attache
to a long pole down upon the shells, which giev
point up on the rocks, and thus detaching thenk I
was strung upon sinews about a fathom in length
These same shells were sometimes worn as omt
ments in pierced ears and noses. A smaller kini
of the same shell was also used as money an
called coop-coop.

Hwihl (J.). Exclamation of surprise. Ah, indeedl

Ik-hol' (O. C). River; stream.

Ik-kik'. A fishhook.

Ik-poo-ce. To shut; close; closed; shut up. "Ikpooe

lapote/* ehut the door. "Ikpooee kwolonn'" (shu

ear), deaf.
Ikt One; once; a; an. *1kt kuitan," a horse. **fl

nika yahwa," I was there one time.
Ik'-ta. A thing; that thing. "Iktas," goods; merchao

dise, clothes. **Tenas iktas/* trifles.
Ik'-tah? What? "Iktah okoke?" What is that? *Ti

tah mika tikeh?" What do you want?
IlK-a-hee. Country; earth; the ground; soil; Ian

**Tipso illahee," grassy land or prairie. "Sah'-h«

lee illahee," hills, mountains, heaven.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

63

In'-a-ti, or ee'-na-ti. Across. 'Inati chuck," over the
river.

Ip'-90ot To hide; keep secret; concealed; a secret
'^psoot klatawa/' to steal away. ''Ipsoot wawa," to
whisper.

Ib'-sick. A paddle. "Mamook issick/* to paddle.

b'-sidE stick. Alder; ash. (Literally, paddlewood.)

[b'-kuiiL To take; to get; hold; take hold of. "Iskum
okoke komooks/' hold that dog. ''Mika na iskum?"
Did you get it?

iBf-lftOy or ethlon. A fathom; the length of the arnu
extended.

IV-lo-kum. A game played with small marked sticks,
called sometimes the game of "hand." This was a
favorite gambling play of the Indians. "Mamook
itlokum," to gamble.

-wil-lee. Flesh; meat "Konaway yahka itlwillee
tidE," All his flesh is sore.

I'-woot. The black bear.

root pa-see'-see. Thick dark cloth; blankets.

lee'na. To fight "Clatsop tilakum kadeena Che-
halis," The Clatsops fight with the Chehalis.

? Where? whence? whither? **Kah mika klata-
wa?" Whither are you bound? "Konaway kah,"
everywhere. "Kah-kah," here and there.

i-klh. A crow.

I'-kwa (N.). Like; equal with; so; as; thus, "Kah-
kwa nika tumtum," I think so too. "Kahkwa skoo-
kunk Sam," As strong as Sam. "Kahkwa spose,"
as if. "Kloshe kahkwa," that is right, or good, or
that is so.

I'-na-wee. Acorn; acorns.

iwee stick. The oak.

(0# C), Stone; rock.

(

•jikstr md rxoD ni Em «£ }*«ad.
fj'ila ttc Cmt Knp w ikr Bn
uin. Tbe f}«rrr » the, Ac pla

tc>di «t hi^lr prized in the for-tn
K»n'-Dum 'O. C)'. God.
Kip-tnil'-U. To reil. '1Capn*aU)

iiMik off. '^apiwalli maiBDak,'' «
KiM-kai (0. C). A bo;.
Kii'-«uk. The middle or center of ■

figure tit ihinfi.
Klll-Io -ken. A twin.
KnIi'-do. Etdrr brother or cousin.
Kmt'-jiei. Coffee.
Kli-wlh' (Ch.). To (ty.
Ksw li«-wik'^ Yellow or yellowish grw

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

66

Keer-al-ly. A doctor; a medicineman.

Keep'-woot A thorn; a needle or pin; sting of an
insect "Shoe keepwoot'' shoemaker's awl.

Kegfa'che. Notwithstanding; although. ''Keghche mika
wawa wake mamook," Although he said not to
do it

Keh'-wH (?). Because. ''Kehwa yahka memaloose,"
because she (or he, or it) is dead.

KeMok. The crane.

Kcn-ki-lmi. At the right; right-hand side.

Ket^-ling. A kettle, dish, can or pail.

Kft-wil-la. A pit; a cellar.

Kil-it'-sut Flint; glass.

Kim'-ta. Behind; since; last; after. "Mitlite kimta,"
stay behind. "Kimta nika nanich salt chuck/'
Since I saw the ocean. "Olcoke kimta," That one
behind the others. "iNika elip, pe yahka kimta/' I
in front and he in the rear.

Ki'-aootl, or kinoos. Tobacco.

King George, or, as pronounced kin-chautsh. British.

Kish-kish. To drive; to herd, as a band of horses or
cattle.

Kissu. An apron.

Kit-sut-qua. Old name of Columbia City.

Ki'-yfth (Ch.). Entrails; bowels.

Kllh. Visible; in sight; free of. "Klatawa klah/' to
«scape; to get away. ''Chahco klah/' has many
meanings. Spoken of seed planted, it means **out
of ground, sprung up"; of the weather, "to clear
up, or clear" ; of the forest, "to become more open."
"Mamook klah," uncover.

Kll'-hH-nee, or kla-ha-nee'. Out; outside; out-of-doors.
"Klatawa klahanee," to go out or off. "Klatawa
nesika klahanee kopa town," Let us go away from
the city. "Mamook klahanee okoke," Put that out-
side.

K3ah'-e-tlak. Grasshopper.

E3i-how'-ya. Salutation at meeting or parting; how

■re you? good-bye. "Klahowya six/' Good-day,

friend; good-bye, friend.

KHHtfaw'-vvoL Foot; wrcadicd; oompasioiL "Matt*
onk ^iibemjiaai,'* to grrc alns; to take pitf. '^y*
kIxb:wTam otAm^" We are irexy poor.

Klik. Take cff or take awar; get out. '^ak bpt
vytiiszr Get oat of the road, "^f amook klak capi^*
Taie off dte coat. ''Klak kwokMH^" to dip off
the ear*.

Klik -win ai.\ To wipe or Ikk. ^TCakwun lataU),'
w-lpe cff the tabic.

Klile. Black or dark-<i^rcd; ignorant; obscure.

Klip. To fmd: to catch. '*Mika klap kuitan?" Did
vou catch the hone?" "Klap tcnaa," to be with

KU-nice. Thread; twine.

Kla-pno-chus. Beank

Klis'-ka. They; them; their.

KUt'-a-wi (N.^. To go; to walk. "Klatawa teah-
wit," go afoot. ''Mamook klatawa/' to send.
"Klatawa klah," to eicape.

KU-whop.' A hole. "Mamook klawhop/' dig a hole.

KU'-wa. Slow; slowly. "Wawa klawa," speak
slowly.

Klax'-ta? Who? Which one? '^Klaxta iskum la-
hash?" Who took the ax? "Klaxta mika?" Who
are you? Any; **Klaxta man," anybody.

Klik -a-mux. Blackberries; dewberries.
Kljck'-wal-Iy. Brass armlet; brass wire.
Klilt Sour; bitter.

Kllm-in'-a-wit A lie; to lie. "Hyas kumtux klim-

mawit," he is a great liar.
KHm-min'. Soft; fine in substance. "Klimmin ill*"
hec,' mud ; marshy ground. "Mamook klimmio "

make fine or soft, bv rubbing, etc.
Klip. Deep ; sunken. "Klipsun," 'sunset. "Klip klav^

hop," a deep hole or pit.

Klls'-kwis* A mat, made of rushes or grass.
Kl6-kl6. Oysters. Chetlo is another word for oyster.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 57

^6-nas»'. Perhaps ; who knows ? I don't know. "Klo-
nass nika mamook/* Maybe I will do it "Kah
ncsika ooehut?*' (Where is our road?) ''Klonass,"
I don't know.

Oone. Three; thrice.

Ooochmin (N*.). Woman; female. "Tenas klooch-
n>an/' a girl. ''Kloochman kuitan/' a mare.

Oook. Crooked. ''Klook teahwit/' lame, crooked leg.

Uoshe (N.). Good; nice; well. "Hyas kloshe," very
good. "Kloshe nanich," look out; take care.

Qoshe spose. Shall I? may I? "Kloshe spose nika sit-
churo?" What if I swim?

Huh, or klugh-klugh. To tear; to rend. "Mamook

kluh illahee/' to plough (to tear the ground).
Kluk-uir (Ch.). Broad; wide; flat
Kd (J.). To reach; to arrive. "Chec nika ko," I have

just come. ''Konse mika ko kopa Clatsop?" When
will you reach Clatsop?

Ko'-ko. To knock; to tap. ''Koko stick" (knock wood),
the woodpecker.

Kok'-flkut (N.). To break; destroy; broken; killed; to
beat ''Kokshut Simon teahwit/' Simon's leg is
broken. "Mesahchee Siwash kokshut Whitman^"
Bad Indians slew Whitman.

lom'-ooks, or komox. A dog. ''Kahkwa komooks," like

I a dog.

kon'-away. All; every. "Konaway kah," everywhere.

I ''Konaway tilakumi," everybody. "Mika tikeh kon-
away," You want everything.

Ko'-pa. To; in; at; with; toward; concerning; about;
there; than. "Markook kopa Boston man," Trade
with the American. ''Lolo kopa mika," take with
you. "Kultus kopa nika," It does not concern me.
"Elip hyas markook kopa konaway," more precious
dian all.

Co-pet'. Stop ; enough ; leave off. **Kopet wawa," stop
talkmg. "Kopet ikt," only one. "Kopet okoke,"
diat is all. "Kopet tonoollah," day after tomorrow.
''Kopet kuntux" (do more know), forgotten.

i

68 CHINOOK DICTIONABT.

Ko'-iho. Pig; twine.

Kow. To tie; to fasten. 'Ikt kow," a bundle.

KulMih. A fence; in enclosure.

Kul'-la-kur-la. A bird

Kull. Hard; solid; difficult ''M amook kuU/' to mdK

hard. "Kull stick," oak, or ai^ hard wood. '^oD

to-tooshV cheese.
Kul'-tus. Worthless; bad; purposeless. "Kultos po^

latch/' a free gift "Kultus nanich," a peep wAr

out charge. ''Kultus mitlite," doing nothing; fit*

ting idly. "Kultus heehee," a jest
Kon'see. How many? how much? ever; when. "Kos-

see tilakum?" How many people? ''Konsee chahoo

Jim?" When will Jim come? •'Wake konset,"

never. "Mamook konsee," to count; to reckon.
Kon'-a-mox. Both; together; with. "KooamoK miki)"

with you.
Koo'-sa. The sky; heaven.
Kush'is (Ch.). Stockings; socks.
Kwad'-dis (J.). Whale. Ecola also means whale.
Kwahta. Quarter of a dollar.
Kwahl (Ch.). Aunt
Kwaht'l. Drop the sail.
Kwaist Nine; ninth.
Kw5-lim' (O. C). Young.
Kwal-lal'. To gallop.
Kwan. Glad; content; tame. Kwal is sometimes oibI

for tame, also.
Kwass. Fear; fearful; tame. ''Mamook kwaM^" ^

tame.

Kwates (Ch.). Sour.

Kweh-kweh. A mallard duck.

Kwek'-wi-es (Ch.). A pin.

Kwetl (Ch.). Proud.

Kwi-se-o. Porpoise.

Kwin'-num. Five; fifth.

Kwish. Expression of contempt or refusal.

Kweu-kwe-u. A ring; a circle.

Kwis-kwis. A squirrel (the red or pine squirrel)*

Kwit-shad-ee. (N.) The rabbit or hare.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 59

Kwd-I5n (Ch.). Ear; ears.

KwoD'-e-sum (?). Always; forever.

Xwult. To bruise or wound with a stone, shot or

arrow; to wound, without cutting.
Xwiin-num-'. To count; numbers. (Konsee is much

more used.)
Kwutl. To push; to squeeze; secure; fast "Mamook

kwutl chick-chick," Push the wagon hard.
Ky'-^wa. Crooked.

U-bleed' (F.). A bridle.

LH-boos (F.). The mouth. "Mox laboos," the forks of

a stream.
Li-boo-tai' (F.). A bottle.
U-cal-lat' (F.). Carrot
Li-ca»-ett' (F.). A trunk, box or chest.
Li-clo'-ah (F.). The cross.
LSgh. To lean, stoop, bend; to tip, as a boat. ''Wake

nika lagh canimi," I did not tip the canoe. "Yahka

lagh kahkwa oleman/* He stoops like an aged man.
L&-gIeese. See gleese.
l4-goom (F.). Pitch; rosin; glue. '*La-goom stick,"

pine, spruce, or any resinous tree.
LS-hash (F.). An ax or hatchet
Li kam'-as. See Kamas.
Li-iah'. To cheat; to trick. "Mamook lalah," to

make sport.
I4-ltm' (F.). An oar. ''Mamook lalam," to row a

boat
Li-Ung^ (F.). The tongue; speech; language.
ta-lim^(F.). A file.

Li-mass (F.). The ceremony of the mass.
Li-mes'-tin, or le-mes'-sen. Remedy; medicine. (This

word is not used for magic or the ''medicine

man.")
Li-mai' (F.). An old woman. (From la me're,

French.)

CBXKoasi inr*nnN4FT .

-xs' .rr. .. A -mmaBtmn,. ^fCiiows xoiie
Astr* laiiM i Miy .* i[> ■■ ■ ■*- it titc smmir. c
maantmu.

I— p— ar- fT.. A Tisp: r

l,n-pe«: '7.. A vote: voEcialh* x Ktzii^ iniff

1.— rt -la: ^ A Tor of nes: coriDEd iieto& J

!-.—!*•■' .7. xi ucvTc:: £ ipaitc.

^ - !-T-«: n.. A int. or £ fniWBfc.

^-: las: T. . A tMmxi: £ -pioiL.

_.— Tv^. .T. A ifviui: pan. ^fAmmaak \m

1^-THN .'7. A Acc: iMnhrc-. ^nmii l^nl

rroufc
l-.»--r»f>— sBcr .T. . A
l-'-nrw; .'!.. A aooi.
1-— sr: 'T.. A o^.
l.^-^r' * . . *. BBiidce.
l-^-<5n^lT*-a^' T.. A f^— "^^
1j— »r.i-i« .T... A
l^'-s-*v2«: T... A ciuir.
lj-ft":5i T.. A cbaiiL
l-^-Rrt?- Barrir>.
l-r-<i.r:?n -*-na\ T^ i iiinw^.
lJ5^<ifT: T.. A iiixcr nr dadL
-j'-*:v T Sik: naJOL

li"inw T . A Tabic

:.i^rxiT: T . The iiead. "Slttk lataat,* Uack4
^>-Tiit F. . A HOIK: i dann^mioe.
lJt-'»-er F . OatL.

* j^-'••«c F. ■ . A vrs: or 'vraistooit.
*.j« -^ak O. C . To dance; duxc
**?> ^uar a« in Ecglish.

* ^ *^^' *>i^ . F. ' . A shimde : shinies,
'il'.sair, vF.^ A ball; bullet 'Tcnas lebal,"

^^Stitivte* (F.). Biscuit; crackers; ship-bread
^V"VI« vWowi) (P.). A sorrel horse; chestn

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. €1

(F.). Wheat.
(F.)- Cream; cream-colored; a "cream'*-col-

JE<nk' (F.). A cock; a fowl.

j^<3aa (F.). The neck.

;ii^-doo' (F.). A finger.

\Jt-^Stf (F.). Gray; a gray horse.

L2-jaidi. (See Deaub.)

U-Ueh' (F.). A key.

U-kloo'. (F.) A nail; nails.

%Jbkjfi (F.). A piebald horse; a spot; spedcled; spot-
ted. Tekye sanunon," trout, or spent salmon.

li^lo'-bi (F.). Ribbon.

lUtAoo (F.). The big gray wolf.

liknih' (F.). The hand; the arms. "Kloshe lemah,"
the right hand. *Totlatch lemah," shake hands.

li-mih'-to (F.). A hammer.

l^mel' (F.). A mule.

Xi-mo^o (F.). One that has escaped; wild; untamed.

Ke-moo'-to (F.). Sheep; a flock of sheep.

K^pan' (F.). Bread; a loaf of bread.

He-pee'-a (F.). The foot; feet

ti-pish'-e-mo. The saddle blanket and trappings of a
horse.

Le-plate' (F.). A priest.

Le-pwah (F.). Peas.

Le-sep (F.). Eggs; an egg.

Lc-sec'-bl6 (F.). Spurs.

Le-sac' (F.). A sack; a bag.

Le-see'-zo (F.). Scissors; shears'.

Le-sook' (F.). Sugar.

U-tau' (F.). The teeth; a tooth.

Le-p6me' (F.). The apple.

U-sinjer (F.). A saddle girth; a sash or belt.

U-wct' (F.). A whip. ^'Mamook Icwet," ply the whip.

Lice. Rice.

Lik'-p'ho. A girl.

Lip'-lip. To boil. "Mamook liplip."

lok'-it Four.

62 CHINOOK DICnONABT.

Ld'-lo. To cirry; to loid; to lead or take with oocl

"Lolo kopa boat," to load a boat
Lo-wur-lo. Round; entire; the whole of anything

Lowullo lepome," a whole apple.
Lope. Rope. ''Skin lope," a lariat or rawhide rqpCi

'Tenas lope," a conL
Luk-ut-chee. Clams. This word it applied only to ^

hardshell or little-neck clank
Lum. Rum; spirits of any kind.

I

I
\

Mac'-ke-son. The chin. ]

Mah'-lee (N.). To fbrgpt

M&r'kook (iN.). To buy; to tell; trade; swap; ea-
change; bargain. ''Hyas maikook," high-priced,
'^enas markook," cheap. "Kah ni ka_ m artawk
pish?" Where can I buy some fish? ''Hkeh nika
markook tenas moosmoos?" Do you want to sell me
a calf?

M&rkook house. A store; trading post • i

M&rsh (P.). To leave; remove; dirow away; tazn j

out ''Marsh puss-puss klahanee house," Put die cat f

out "Marsh okoke pish," Throw that fish away.

"Marsh nika shoes," Take off your shoes. ^'Marsh

kow nika kuitan," Untie my horse. "Marsh tcnaa^"

to give birth. "Marsh!" Get out I

Maht-lin'-nce. Off-shore; toward the water. 'ICeep
off I"

J^aht-ivilMee. In-shore; toward the land; ''Keep in-
shore."

M"«i' - Tinware; crodcery; earthenware.

klh" ^»f*^* '^° ™^^^- "^^^* ^^^^ mtilltb, mika
m*w, /^» * He wants to mariy your sister.

the mrJ u "?'*: *> ^o*; t«> «•»; to «»«• Thw «•
is .howi! •"•^•" of verbs in the Jargon. Iti oM
"wn oo eveiy page of this vocabulary.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 63

kfliL Man. Also the male of any animal, as: *'Man
eena," a male beaver, '^enas man moolock,'' a
little buck elk. But stallion is "stone kuitan.''

Iisr-a-kwa (F.). A mosquito.

lie-lto'. Molasses.

fem'-a-loose, or mim-a-loost (These are used equally
without preference). Dead; to die; death. "Mam-
ook memaloose," to kill. "Memaloose Island/' the
island of the dead.

fe-sih'-chee. Wicked; bad; cruel; vicious. **Mesah-
chee tum-tum/' an evil mind.

le-si'-ka (plural pronoun). You; your; yours. "Me-
sika nanich," you (plural) look. "Mesika illahee,"
your countiy.

-en. Very bad.

(singular pronoun). Thou; thine; thee. ''Mika

tikeh/' you like. "Mika nem^" your name. **Tyee

potlatch mika iktah," The chief gave (or gives)
Ibee this thing.

'-mee. Doiwn stream; with the tide.

t'H^I-m&s. (Seldom used.) A slave. See Elite.

:-t&8s'. Leggins. (This is a Cree word.)

/-lite. To stay; reside; camp; remain; to sit; to
set down; to stay with. This word is also used to
express ''have" and "to be." "Nesika mitlite kopa
Wahana ikhol/' We live down near Wahana
River. "Kah mitlite Moses?" "Nika mitlite siah,"
I lived far away from here. "Mitlite, six," Sit
down, friend. "Mitlite hi3ru sammon?" Have you
plenty salmon? "Mitlite kopa mamma," Stay with
mother.

-wit. To stand; to arise; erect "Mitwit stick," a
mast; a standing tree. "Mitwit kahkwa skookum,"
stand like a stout fellow.

Two; twice.

'-li (P.). Mill "Stick moola," sawmill

'ISt An elk.

64 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Moon (O. C, Oot'-lum). The moon; month. ''KIo
moon," three months. "Sick moon/' the old
waning moon.

Moos'-moos (K.). Cittle; buffila

Moo'-sum (Ch.). To sleep; sleep. "Tikeh moosum
to be sleepy. "Nika olo moosum^" I am huDgi
(and thirsty) for sleep. ''Mesika hiyu moosumi
They slept very soundly.

Mdw'-ich (N.). A deer; venison. Sometimes usedi
speaking of a strange or unknown animal, a
"Huloime mowich," a strange beast.

Muck'-a-muck. Food; to eat; to drink. "Kloshemud
amuck/' a good meaL "Hijru mud^anrack," pleol
to eat "Mud[amud[ chuck," to drink water.

Musket A musket; a gun.

My-ee'-na. To sing; a song. (Old Chinook.)

N

N&. An interrogatory interjection. "Sick na mika
Are you sick?

N&-h&' (from the Chinook t'lkanaah). A mother. Tl
word is nearly obsolete.

N&h I Look here I I say I "Nah, six I" Halloa, friem

N^'-ich (?) To look; see; search. "Nanich jrahka
Look yonder. "iNanich okoke komooks," Look
that dog. ''Kloshe nanich," Take care.

Nau'-its (Ch.). The sea beach; off-shore.
Nc-whah'! Here, come here I Bring it here! **N

whah mamook okoke!" Here! Come do this!
Ni-wit'-ki. Yes; indeed; certainly. "Nawitka nil

nanich yahka," Certainlv I saw her.
Nem. Name. 'Tahka nem Solomon," His name

Solomon.
Nig'-ga. Negro.
Ni'-ka. I; me; mine; my.
Ne-n&m'-ooks. The land otter.
Nose. The nose; cape or headland; bow of a boat
NSV-ich. Island. (O. C.)

CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

66

Og-hu-w^r (O. €.)• Much.

Ok-chock. Shoolden.

lOke (O. C). To cry.

lo'-koke. Thit; that; it *aktah okoke?" What is
diat? (or this?). *^koke suV today. "Okoke
klaxta," he who; die one who. 'Hflkeh okoke?" Do
you want this? (or that?).

|0-kfi»-tee. A daughter. ''Nanich, nika okustee," Look,
my daughter.

lO'-la-pits'-kee. Fire.

I (y-le-m2iL Old; an old man; worn out *'Hi3ru ole-
man okoke calipeen/' This is a very old rifl«.

lOI'-hi-yu. The common seal.

lO'-lil-lee. Berries. "Seahpo olilee/' raspberries; ''Shot
olilee/' huckleberries.

|0^ Hungry. ''Olo moosum," sleepy; hungry for
sleep. "Olo chuck," thirsty.

|(/-luk. A snake; a reptile.

[O'-na. Clam; clams. This word specially applied to
'^azor" clams.

|Oo'e-hiit; or weh'-hut A road, path or trail. ''Chick-
chick ooehut," a wagon road.

lOol'-chus. Herring; herrings.

Oos'-kan. Bowl; cup.

|Oot'-lum (O. C). The moon; a month. Ikt ootlum,
a month, etc

[Ope'-kwin. Basket; tin kettle; can.

lO-frit^-kSh. A bow for arrow shooting.

O-pit'-iUu A knife. The table fork is sometimes
called ''opitsah six," the "friend of the knife."
Opitsah six is sometimes used to denote a lover —
a fork (and spoon) to every knife.

|0-poodL TajJ; posterior; stem of a vessel or boat
^Tlumm opoocb" is a usual name for the akurik.

I

66 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

O-quah'-tum. ( ?) Sister.

O^quk'-a-kull. A wife; woman; sweetheart

O-quan'-ax. The neck.

Ots-&t8-&ch. Teeth.

O'-tlah. The sun.

Ow. Brother, younger than the person speaking.

Ow-woo'-chee. Swan.

I*

P&htl Full. ''Mamook pahtl," fill, make full 'Tahtl
chuck," dripping wet '*Pahtl lum^" drunk. "Pahtl
illahee," very dirty.

Paint or pent Paint

Pa-mas'. (Q. C.) Cold

Papa. Samie as in English.

P&-see'-see. Blanket; woolen cloth.

Pft-see'-ooks. French or Canadian French. This word
signifies "blaidcet-men," and was applied to the

early trappers.

Pat'suk. Between.

P'che. (?) Thin, flat, like a board. (Little used

now).

Pe-chuk'. Green in color.

Pee. (F.) And, then, beside. "Kamooks pee puss-
puss," dog and cat 'Tee kahta nika klatawa?"
Then why did I go?

Pa'-pah. Paper; a letter or any writing. "Mamook
papah," to write; to write a letter.

Pel'-ton. Crazy; demented; foolish. (This word was
taken by the Indians to signify crazy, hearing it
applied to a demented man named Pelton among
the Astorians of z8zz.)

Pe-shSk.' (N.) Bad.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 67

Pe-what'-ty. Flimsy; thin; slight Thin like paper.
"Hiyu pewhatty okoke paseesee/' this blanket is
mighty thin.

Pi'-ah. Fire; cooked; ripe. 'Tiah sapolil," baked
tyread. 'Tiah ollilee/' ripe berries. 'Tiah chick-
chick," railroad train. **Mamook piah/' make the
fire. "Piah sick," venereal disease. ^'Sahhalee
piah," lightning.

Pil. Red, reddish. "Pil chickamin," gold money;
also die metals gold, brass, copper. "Pil illahee,"
red earth, ochre. "Pil kuitan," a bay horse. Pil'-
kwi-dm, (red shoulders) the blackbird.

Pil-pil. Blood ; bloody. "Marsh pilpil," to bleed.

Pish. A fish; to fish. "Doctin' klataiwa pish tzum
samsnon," doctor is going trout fishing. "Yahka
wake iskum hiyu pish," he will not catch many
fish.

Pish-pish. See puss-puss.

Pit-lill. (?) Thick; viscid. "Melass cole, hiyu pit-
lill," cold molasses is very thick.

Pii-pu'. Stench; to stink.

Pdh. A puff of breath. To blow out, as a candle.
"Mamook poh," to fire a salute. "Mox poh," a
double-barreled gun.

Po-lik'-ly. Dark; night. **Tenas polakly," evening.
"Hyas polakly," very dark. "Sitkum polakly,"
midnight ("half the night.")

P6'-Iil-ly. Dust; sand; gunpowder. "Polally illahee,"
aandy ground.

Po6-lee (F.)- Rotten. 'Toolee lapome," a rotten
apple.

PoB. Suppose. Used sometimes instead of spose. See
tpose.

PdtMitch. (N.) To give; a gift "Potlatch nika
lesac," give me the bag. '^ultus potlatch," a gift
without prospect of recompense. (A "bad gift"
ID an Indian's view.)

68 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Pdw'-ich. The native thomapple or crabapple.

Pow'-il. To swell.

Pows. Halibut

Puk-puk. (J.) A blow with the fist; to strike.
Mamook pukpuk/' to box; to fight

Puss-puss. A cat In the North called pish-pish.
'*Hyas pusspuss," the panther.

s

S&h'-ha-lee. Above; up; high; heaven; the top.
'^Mamook sahhalee," lift up; haul away. ''Sah-
halee lamontai," a high mountain. "Sahhalee
Tyee,'^ the Great Spirit (literally '*the Chief
above.")

Sail, sell or sill. A sail; cotton or linen cloth.

Sa-kul'-lex. Trousers; leggins. <'Keekwilly aakullex,"
drawers.

S&l-l&r. Salal. An evergreen shrub growing abund-
antly in western Oregon and Washington, bearing
a large purple berry in clusters. This fruit was
dried by the Indians for winter use.

S&mmon. Usually written thus in the Jargon. Same
as salmon. ''Tyee sammon/' (specifically) the
King salmon of northern sounds and straits. ''Kul-
tus sammon," the kelts or spent salmon of the rivers
in autumn and winter. ''Tzum sammon/' steel-
head and other trouts.

Salt Salt "Salt chuck," or "klil chuck," the sea.

SSn'-de-lec. (F.) Ash-colored; a "roan" horse.

SSp'-o-lil. Flour or meal; wheat "Piah sapolil,"
baked bread; "Lowullo sapolil," whole wheat

Se-ah'-p6. (N.) A cap or hat "Seahpo olillee,'*
raspberries, salmon berries.

Se-ih'-wust The face; the eyes; an eye. "Ikt seah-
wust," one-eyed. ''Halo seahwust," blind. 'Xoddt
seahwust," or "doll a seahwust," spectacles.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 69

Se-at'-ca (Ch.) A goblin or nocturnal demon, greatly
feared by die Coast Indians.

Seed. Seed.

Se-loke'-mil. A window.

She-lock'-umu A mirror, glass.

SheMi-po. Frozen; ice; icy.

Shem. Shame. "Halo shem mika?" Are you not
ashamed ?

Ship. A vessel. 'Tiah ship," a steamboat or steamr
ship.

Shilth'-lo. (O. C.) Lightoing.

Shoes. Shoes. ''Stidc shoes," boots or shoes made of
leather. "Skin shoes," moccasins.

^K»'-tay. (F.) To sing.

Shoo. (O. C.) Old.

Shot Shot; lead. "Shot olillee," huckleberries.

Shug. A rattle. "Shug opoots," a rattlesnake.

Shut. Shirt

Shwah'-kiik. (Ch.) A frog.

Shwil'-peh. (O. C.) A tree.

Si'-Ih'. (N.) Far; far off. Drawling out the syl-
lable "ah" serves to express great distance. TTie
same purpose is served also by repeating^ siah-siah'.

Sl-ftmi'. The grizzly bear.

Side Sick; sickness. "Cole sick," ague. "Waum
sick," fever.

Sin'-arm&E. Seven.

Sing. Sing.

Si'-pah. (W.). Straight; erect

8Ifl'-ki-you. A bob-tailed horse. (This word is Cree).

Sit'-k&n. A half; a part "Sidnim sun," noon. Sit-
kum dolla," half a dollar. "Tenas sitkum," a
quarter or smaller portion.

Sit-lay. (F.) Stirrup; stirrups.
Sit'-shum. (C.) To swint

A

70 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Six. A friend. (Not addressed to women.)

Si'-wash. (Sauvage.) Indian; an Indian.

Sk&d. A mole.

Skin. Skin; hide. "Skin shoes," moccasins. "Stick
skin/* the bark of a tree.

Sket-sot'-wa. The Columbia river. This name was
indicative of the "lower" river.

Skoo'-kum. Strong; brave; great. (Originally a Che-
halis word meaning a demon, a powerful spirit).
"Skookum tumtum^" a brave spirit "Skookum
chuck," a rapid. "Skookum house," a jail.

Skub'-e-oo. (O. C.) Skunk.

Skwak-wal. The lamprey eel.

Skwiss-kwis. The chipmunk or striped squirrel.

Sla-h&r. A game, played with ten small discs in
the hands of each player.

Sma-nas. (O. C.) Hill or mountain.

Smeet-ok. (Ch.). The quahaug or large mud clam.

Smok-smok. (O. C.) Grouse.

Smoke. Smoke; clouds; fog; steam.

Sn^ss. (?) Rain. "Cole snass," snow.

Snow. Snow.

Soap. Soap.

S6'-le-mce. The cranberry.

Sol'-lex. (?) Angry; anger. "Mamook sollex," to

make angry; to quarrel.
S6'-pe-na. To leap; to jump. "Neal sopena chahco

boat," Neal jumped into his boat.
Sp6'-Sh. Faded. Any pale color, as grey, buff, etc
Spoon. Spoon.

Spose. Suppose; if; provided that "Spose mika nan-
ich nika lahash," if you see my ax. "Spoke nesika
klatawa kopa Astoria," when we go (if we go)
to Astoria. "Kahkwa spose," as if. "Kloshe
spose," shall I, or may I. "Kloshe spose nika ayah-
whul mika issick?" May I borrow your paddle?

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 71

Stick. A stick ; a tree ; wood ; wooden. "Mitwit stick,"
a standing tree. "Kull stick/' hardwood; oak.
"Ikt stick," a yard stick. "Ship stick," a mast

Stloo. (O. C.) The wind.

Stock'-en. Socks or stockings. (Kushis is the Indian
word).

Stoh. Loose. "Mamook stoh," to untie, let loose. To
absolve. "Mamook stoh komooks," let loose the
dogs.

Stone. A rock or stone. Also signifies horn, bone.
"Stone kuitan," a stallion.

Stoo'-lis. (O. C.) Rain.

Stote'-kin. Eight; an eighth.

^tiit'-chun. Sturgeon.

.feuk-wal'-lal. A gun. (Obsolete.)

Sun. Sun; a day. '^enas sun," morning. "Sitkum
sun," noon. "Klip sun," sunset.

Sunday. Sunday. 'Ikt Sunday." a week. "Hyas Sun-
day," Christmas or other great holiday. "Sunday
sail," a flag. Days of the week are reckoned from
Sunday, as "ikt kopet Sunday" (one after Sunday,)
Monday, etc.

Su-puk'. (O. C.) Strong; powerful.

Tah. A spirit or supernatural thing or person. See
tamahnawus.

Tdh'-kum. Six.

Tahl'-kee. Yesterday. *1kt tahlkee," day before yes-
terday.

Tah'-nim. (Ch.) To measure.

Tiht'-lum. Ten. **Tahtlum pe ikt," eleven. "Taht-
lum pe mox," twelve, etc. "Mox tahtlum," 20.
"Klone tahtlum," 30. "Stolekin tahtlum," 80, etc.

Til'is. Darling; beloved.

72 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Ta-m&h'-na-wus. Magic; luck; anything supernatural.
"Mesahchee tamahnawus/' witchcraft, bewitched,
"Mamook tamahnawus," to conjure, to "make
medicine/' Ghosts and spirits are also "tamahna-
- vrus,** On reaching manhood, before admission to
his tribe as an acknowledged "man'' and warrior,
every Indian youth went far away into the forest
or mountains and fasted many days, bathed often
in the streamy and prayed to die Sahlee Tyee for a
revelation of his guardian spirit. This spirit was
supposed to have his proteg^ in his special care.
After long fasting, in some moment of delirium, the
youth saw a real eagle, raven, bear, fox or other
living creature, or in a dream some such vision
impressed itself powerfully upon his imagination.
This guardian or genius was called kawok.
This bird or animal then became his personal deity
or genius, and to it he looked for aid in all his en-
terprises. The vision was never disclosed, and
though it was customary to erect a totetn upon which
the emblem was carved, the real genius was known
only to the proteg^, because its figure was among
many others carved upon the totem tree. This was
the Tamahnawus in its first and principal sense.
The word is based upon the syllable tak, which
was widely spread through the vocabulary, signi-
fying supernatural, spiritual, etc "Tah-wat-tee"
signified an exorciser or conjurer of spirits, a doc-
tor.

Ta-mo'-lich. Cask; tub; bucket "Ikt tamolich,"

bushel.

Ta-ni'-no. Crevasse; canyon; the vulva.

Tanse. Dance.

Tah-oo. (O. C.) Far; far away.

Tea. Tea.

Te-a'-lis. (O. C.) Yesterday.

Te-ah'-wit. The leg; the foot. "Klatawa teahwit,"

to go afoot "Klook teahwit," lame.
Teh-teh. To trot, as a horse.
To'-wah. The nails.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 73

TSn'-iis. (N.) Small; few; a child; a little; young
one. "Klone tenas nika,'' I have three childrenw
"Tenaa sun," early. *Tenas man," a boy. "Hiyu
tenas," very little indeed.

Te-pSh. Quills; wings of a bird.

Tcl-ux-ich. (S.). The fingers. (See ledoo.)

Tgr-e-mia (?). Ribs. (Also ectinwill.)

Tik'-ch. To wish; to like, to love. "Hyas tikeh,"
to long for. "Iktah mika tikeh?" What do you
want?

Tlk-tik. A watch.

Tir-a-kuna. People; a man or person. "Huloimce tila-
kum," strangers, or stranger. "Mika tilakum,"
your folks. "Kultus tilakum," common people;
folks of no importance.

Till or tull. Tired; heavy; a weight. 'Hyas till
yahka," he is very tired. "Konsee till okoke kui-
tan?" How much will that horse weigh? "Mamook
till," to weigh.

Tin-tin. A bell; a musical instrument "Mamook
tintin," ring the bell. Hours were formerly sound-
ed by bells at trading posts, so 'Hclone tintin kopet
sitkum sun,'^ (three bells since noon hour) meant
three o'clock. "Tahtlum tintin elip sitkum sun,"
ten in the forenoon, etc.

T^ope. White; light-colored.

Tlak. (O. C.) Good; to love.

Tish-ko-ko. (O. C.) Fox.

Tle-pait. Nerve; nerves.

Xlc'-yuk. A spark of fire.

Tla-umsh. Drink; to drink. (O. C.)

Xlkopc. To cut; to split; to hew. "Nika tlkope
lemah," I cut my hand.

T'lkul. Quiet; silent.

Xoh. To spit. (Mamook toh.)

Toke'-tee. Pretty; nice; good. "Hyas toketee kulla
kulla," a very pretty bird. "Toketee tenas," a
good child.

T5'-16. To earn. To win at a game ; to gain. "Konsee
dolla nika tolo spose lolo okoke sac?" How many
dollars shall I earn if I carry that sack?

74 CHINOOK DICmONART.

Td'-liix. (N.) Mussels (used only on the Sound an
northward).

To-mol'-la. Tomorrow, "list tomolla (or) kopet t

molla/' day after tomorrow.
Tope'-chin. A patch; to patch.
T6'-t6. To shake; to sift; to winnow.
To-toosh. The breasts of a woman; the udder of a

animal. 'HTotoosh gleese," butter. (Chippe\^

word.)
Tol'-a-piis. The coyote. Tolapus was a great hei

and demigod in Indian myth. (See tah.)
Twah. (J.) Shining; bright; light
T'sak ; mamook t'sak. To stanch a wound.
Tsa'-Iil. Lake.

Tsee. Sweet *Twe kahkwa lesook/' sweet as suga:
Tsee'-pee. To miss the mark; to blunder. **Tseepe

oo ehut," to take the wrong trail. (Calapooy

word.)
Tshi'keh. (?) Soon; directly.
Tshish. Cold. '^Hiyu tshish okoke sun/' it is ver

cold today.
Tsi-a'-list. A branch.

Tsish. (J.) Sharp. ^'Mamook tsish/' to sharpen.
Tsole'-put (K.) A shot-pouch.
Ts6'-lo. To wander in the dark; to lose one's trai!

(Calapooya.)
Tsiigh. A crack or fissure. "Chahco tsugh," to becom

cracked or split by heat
Tuk-a-mo'-nuk. A hundred. "Mox, klone, (etc.) tuk

amonuk/' two hundred, three hundred, etc. "Taht

lum tukamonuk/' a thousand.
Tuk-wil'-la. The hazelnut Nuts in general. (Cala

pooya.)

Tum'-tum. (J.) The heart; the will; the conscience
soul. "Mamook tumtum," to "make up" the mine
"Mox tumtum Joe," Joe is undecided. "Nika turn
turn nesika klatawa wake lalee," by my determina
tion we shall go before long. "Sick tumtum," re
gret, remorse, disappointment "Iktah mika turn
turn?" What do you think?

CHINOOK DICnONART. 75

Tum'-wa-ter. (J.) A waterfall or cataract
Tup'-shin. (Ch.) A needle. ''Mamook tupshin/' to

sewy to mend.
Tlp-^. A leaf; leaves; grass; fringe; feathers; fur.

**Tipso illahee," grassy land, prairie. "Dly tipso,"

hay, straw.

J T'wah. (J.) Shining; bright; light of a lamp or fire.
I Ty-ee'. Chief. Superior. "Sahhalee Tyee," the Deity.

'Tyee sammon,'' the king salmon — largest and best

salmon of the northern seas.
Tzumi. Mixed colors; spotted or striped. A mark or

figure. Written or printed. "Tzum sail," calico.

''Mamook tzum," to write.

u

U-al'-tee. Joy; gladness.

Ubsh. (O. C.) Wood.

Ul'-ken (sometimes written oo'-la-chan). The smelt of

the Columbia river. (This word is Clatsop.)
Ul-a-lach. (K.) Wild onion; onion.
Ul-chey. The moose.

w

Wa-wa. (N.) Talk, to talk, speak, call, ask, tell,
answer. "Kultus wawa," idle talk. "Hyas wawa,"
to shout, a shout.

Wagh. To spill; to pour; to vomit. "Mamook wagh
chuck," pour some water.

Wake (N). (Written also wik, wek). No; not. *Wake
klaxta," nobody. "Wake konsee," never. "Wake
alta," not now.

WHp'-pa-to. A water plant (saggiiaria saggitifolia)
of the lower country, having' an excellent edible
tuberous root, formerly much prized by natives and
whites. On account of its resemblance to the potato
the latter is called wappato. Probably a Multnoma
word.

Wash. Wash. "Mamook wash," to wash.

76 CHINOOK DICJTIONART.

We-co'-ma. The sea. This word is worth perpetuating.

Weght Again; more; also. 'Te nika weght," and I
also. "Potlatch weght," give me more. "Tenas
weght," a little more.

Waunok. Warm. "Wauro illahee," summertime.

Whim (N.). Fallen; to fell. 'Whim stick," a fallen
tree. *^amook whim okoke stick," fell this tree.

Whul-Uh'. (O. C.) Warnu

Win'-a-pee (N.). By-and-by; presently. (Alki is more
commonly in use).

Wind. Wind; breath. "Halo wind," out of breath;
dead. The winds are named for the regions from
which they come, as: south wind, at the mouth of
the Columbia; Tillamook wind; west wind, Chi-
nook wind; easterly wind, Walla Walla wind.

Wit'-ka. Now; at present time.

Woot'-Ut (O. C.) A phallus. Often represented in
carved pestles. Natural pillars and towers of
basalt were sometimes called "Wootlat," and ven-
erated. Rooster Rock was a notable wood at.

Y&h'-hiil. A name.

Y&h'-ka. He, his, him; she, her, hers; it, its. That

one; those.
Yih'-kis-ilth. Sharp; cutting.
Yih'-wa. There; thither; thence; beyond.
Yih'-kwa (J.). Here; hither; this way. "Chahco yah-

kwa kopa nika boat," come here with your skiff.
Yik'-a-la (O. C). An eagle.
Yak'-so. The hair of the head: hair generally.
Yi-kwah'-tin. The belly; the bowels.
Yi'-em (Ch.) To relate or tell. To confess to a priest

A tale or story.
Yootl'-kut. Long in dimension; length.
Yoots (O. C.) To sit.
Yoot'-skut. Short
Yoult (Ch.) Proud; high-spirited.

3NVERSATIONAL PHRASES

ish.

Chinook.

Qoming.

Klah6wya, six?

ivening.

lay.

you do?

or
KIah6wyam.

here.

Chdhco ydhwa.

re you?

Kdhtamika?

>u tick?

Mika sick?

u hungry?

*Nah 61o mika?

id you come?

Kdhta mika chdhco?

'U thirsty?

*Nah, olo chuck mika?

ails you?

Kdhtah mika?

you like something Mika tikeh mdckamuck?

at?

I want work?

Mika tikeh mdmook?

what?

do you want me

to Iktah mika mamook?

me wood.

Mdmook stick.

»iy.

Nawitka.

iiuch do you want for Kansee ddlla spose mika
ng that lot of wood? mAmook k6noway 6koke

stick?

>Ilar.

Ikt dolla.

s too much. I will Hy'as mdrkook, nika pot-
half a dollar. latch sitkum dolla.

78 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

No I Give three quarters. Wake, six I Potlatch klon

qudhtah.

Veiy well; get to VFork. Kloshe kdhkwa; mimooj

dlta.

Where is the ax? Kah lahish?

There it is. YAh-wa.

Cut it small for the stove. Mdmook tenas, spose chick

amin pah.

Give me a saw. P6tlatch lase^.

I have DO saw; use the az. Hiio lase^; islcum lahdsh.

All right Nawitka.

Bring it inside. L6I0 stick k6pa house.

Where shall I put it? Kah nika marsh 6koke?

There. Ydhwa.

Here is something to eat Ydhkwa mitlite mika muck

amuck.

Here is some bread. Yahkwa mitlite piah sapo

HI.

Now bring some water. Kldtawa islram chuck.

Where shall I get it? Kah nlka iskum?

In the river there. Kopa ikh61 ydhwa.

Make a fire. Mdmook pidh.

Boil the water. Mdmook liplip chuck.

Cook the meat Mdmook pidh 6hoke itlwil-

lee.

Wash the dishes. Wash 6hoke lepldh.

What shall I wash them K6pa kah?
in?

In that paa K6pa 6hoke ketling.

Come again tomorrow. Chdhco weght tom611a.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 79

bye. Klahowya.

here, friend. Chdhco ydhkwa, six.

do you want? Iktah mika tikeh?

It you to do a little Spose mika mimook t^nas
in the morning. rodmook tenas sun?

very early. Chdhco elip sun.

: o'clock. Chdhco ydhkwa tdhkum

tintin.

ere you are I Alahl Mika chdhco.

do you want me to Iktah mika mamook?

this box to the L6I0 6koke lacasett k6pa
mer. piah ship.

this bag, also. L6I0 weght lesdc

will you pay? Iktah mika p6tlatch?

irter. Ikt kwahtah?

well; and something Kloshe kahkwa; pee tenas
!at? muckamuck?

yretty heavy. Hy'as till 6koke.

t man your brother? Ydhka nah mika kdhpo^

6koke m^ao?

m help you, toa Ydhka I6I0 lecass6tt kopa

mika.

give him something, Nika potlatch weght yahka.

'ou carry it? iNah, sk6okum mika I6I0

6koke.

very heavy? Hyas till okoke?

o! We shall do it Wake! Nesika mamooVu

7u tired? Mik^ Chdhco till?

80 CHINCX>K DICTIONARY.

How far is it, this ship? K6onsee tidh, okoke si

Not much farther. Wake sidh alta.

That is all. Kopet.

Do you understand £ng- Kumtux mika Boston
lish? wa?

Mo, not very much. Wake hiyu.

Will you sell that fish? Mika tikeh mdhkook o

pish?

Which of them? Klaxta?

That large one. Okoke Ivyas.

What is the price of it? Konsee chickamin tike

I'll give you two-bits. iNika potlatch mox bit.

I'll give you half a dollar. Nika potlatch sitkum d

No, that is not enough. Wake 6koke hiyiL

Where did you catch that Kah mika klap dkoke op
trout?

In Skamokaway river. Kopa Skamokaway ikh

Are there many fish there? Nah hiyu lepish ydhw

Not many; too much log- Wake; klaska mamook
ging. yii stick aha.

Well, I won't buy it today. Abba, wake tikeh U

6koke sun.

What do 3rou think of this Iktah mika tiimtum 6
country? illahee.

It is very pleasant when it Hyds kloshe ydhkwa i
does not rain. wake snass.

Not alwajTs; it is worse Wake kw6nesumi Ch
when it snows and weght peshak spose
freezes. snass pee s^lipo.

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 81

How long have you lived K6nsee cole mitlite ydhkwa
here? (how many years) mika?

Many years; I forget how Hiyii cole; k6pet kumtux
many. konsee.

I was bom at Skipanon. J^ee t^nas nika kopa Skip-

anoo.

Did you get your wife Nah, mika iskum nika
here? kIo6chman ydhkwa?

No; she is a Tillamook Wake; Tillamook klooch-
woman. I married her man ydhka. iNika malleh
at Nehalem. ydhka k6pa Nehalem.

How many children have K6nsee t6oas mika?
you?

We have three boya and Klone tenas man nesika pee
one little girl. ikt tenas likp'ho.

I will send you some Nika m^mook ch^hco iktas
things for them when I kimta nika ko nika ilia-
get home. hee.

The brief examples given above, together with the phrases
following words in the Chinook-English vocabulary, illus-
trate the use of the Jargon as completely as possible in so
limited space and with such a c(mdensed idiom. The ab-
sence of the minor parts of speech and inflected forms makes
the combination of words in sentences either circuitous or
bluntly direct The following version of the Lord's Prayer
shows the lack of adaptation of the Jargon to any but the
simplest use, yet it also has a pathos in its rudeness and pov-
erty. How incomplete, even in our English, is the idea ^e
get from the words ''Thy kingdom come!"

This version of the Lord's Prayer is nearly the same as
that prepared by some priest for McCormick's dicti(mary.

A "grace" to be said at table, and a hjrmn, are taken
from Lee and Frost's ''Ten Years in Oregon." These two

82 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

are printed in the book referred to, and show how the Jar-
gon has changed since 1840.

The spelling of the time of these missionaries has been
greatly changed. Some words used by them are nearly
the same as in the present dictionary, but while ensika is
readily understood for nesika, and ankute for ahncutty,
ishtumah, minchelute, quotlanchkelah, kadow and several
other words were apparently picked up among Klickitats and
Wasco Indians, the work, of these two missionaries being
mostly among the tribes at and near The Dalles.

A COlfMON SIGN LANGUAGE.

Intercourse hy signs was universal among the aborigines,
the code of signals being much the same from the Atlantic
to the Pacific.

Major Lee Moorehouse tells of being at Washington, D.
C, with a party of Indians from Oregon and Washington,
attending a great council of representative Indians from all
parts of the country. Languages were different and the
gathering clans were cold and morose until somebody made
an attempt at an address in the sign language, which put
everybody at ease, for all understood.

Certain chants and songs were widely known also. The
Omahas knew at once the ''stick-bone" gambling song of the
Indians of Vancouver Island, upon hearing it sung by a
student of Indian music. It was the same as their own.

{

CHINOOK DICTIONARY. 83

A "GRACE" AT TABLE

From Lee & Frost's *'Teii Years in Oresron"

Sohole Ishtumah, etokete mikah; toweah etokete
God. good art Thou; this good

hullam mikah minchelute copa ensikah. Kadow
food Thou hast sriven to us. In like manner

onesum) minchtcamcet ensikah, Uminsheetah conawa
ilways look kindly upon us, and give all

)keta copa mikah, emehan Jesu« Christ. Amen.
3d things to us, for the sake of

A HYMN IN JARGON

From Lee & Frost

Aka eglahlam ensikah

Mika Ishtamah emeholew
Kupet mikam toketa mimah

Mika quonesim kadow
Mikah ekatlah gumohah

Mika dowah gumeoh
Konawa etoketa tenmah

Mika ankute gumtoh.

Mikah minchelute ensikah

Ankute yukumalah
Konawa eainch aguitquah

Quonesim ponanakow
Mikah guminchelute emehan

Yokah wawot gacheoweet
Ukah ensikah quotlanchkehah

Mikam toketa canneoeeh.

(The hymn and the "grace" are a Jargon of Chinook,
asco, Klickitat and other up-river tribes.)

TRANSLATION.

Here we now unite in singing

Glory, Lord, unto thy Name,
Only good, and worthy praising,

Thou art always, Lord, the same.

84 CHINOOK DICTIONARY.

Of the sun Thou art Creator,

And the light was made by Thee;

All things, good, yea every creature,
At the first Thou madest to be.

We, oh Lord, are all Thy children;

In the past we wicked were;
We were all most deeply wretched.

Always blind and in despair.
Thou didst give Thy Son, our Saviour,

He to us instruction gave
Knowing this we now are happy;

Thou art good and Thou wilt save.

THE LORD'S PRAYER

Nesika Papa kUxta mitlite kopa Sdhalee, kloshe k6pi
Our Father who dwellest in the above, sacred in

Desika tumtum mika nem. Nesika hiyu tikel
our hearts (be) Thy name. We greatly long fo

chihco mika illahee; Mdmook mika kloshe tumtun
the coming of Thy kingdom. Do Thy good will

k6pa 6koke illahee kdhkwa k6pa Shdiee. P6tlatcl
with this world, as also in the heavens. Give (us

k6naway sud nesi'ka muckamuck; pee Mahle
day by day our bread, and remember no

konaway nesika mesahchee, kahkwa nesika mamool
all our wickedness, even as we do also

kopa kidska spose mimook mesdhchee kopa nesika
with others if they do evil unto ourselves

Wake lolo nesika k6pa peshik, pee marsh sidl
Not bring us into danger, but putfarawa:

kopa nesika k6noway mesdhchee.
from us all evil.

Kloshe kahkwa.
So may it be.

4

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